Search results for "social sciences ."
showing 10 items of 1661 documents
Radical innovations: Between established knowledge and future research opportunities
2021
Abstract The fast growing body of radical innovation research is fragmented and difficult to overlook. We provide an overview of the most cited journals, authors, and publications and conduct a bibliographic coupling to structure the literature landscape. We identified the following research clusters: management of radical innovations, organizational learning and knowledge, financial aspects of radical innovation, radical innovation adoption and diffusion, radical industry innovations as challenges for incumbents, and radical innovation in specific industries. Based on an in-depth content analysis of these clusters, we identify the following future research opportunities: A systematic compi…
Regional Labor Market Adjustment in the United States: Trend and Cycle
2017
We present new evidence on the evolution of labor mobility in the United States over the past four decades. Building on the seminal methodology by Blanchard and Katz (1992), combined with multiple sources of regional population and migration data, we show that interstate mobility in response to relative labor demand conditions is not as high as previously established and has been weakening since the early 1990s. In addition, we find that mobility is countercyclical: net migration across regions responds more strongly to spatial disparities in recessions than in normal times. While the declining trend in mobility has been driven by weaker out-migration from states experiencing negative relat…
Do we value mobility?
2015
Is there a trade-off between people's preference for income equality and income mobility? Testing for the existence of such a trade-off is difficult because mobility is a multifaceted concept. We analyse results from a questionnaire experiment based on simple precise concepts of income inequality and income mobility. We fnd no direct trade-off in preference between mobility and equality, but an indirect trade-off, applying when more income mobility can only be obtained at the expense of some income inequality. Mobility preference - but not equality preference - appears to be driven by personal experience of mobility.
Measuring state dependence in individual poverty histories when there is feedback to employment status and household composition
2009
This paper argues that the assumption of strict exogeneity, which is usually invoked in estimating models of state dependence with unobserved heterogeneity, is violated in the poverty context as important variables determining contemporaneous poverty status, in particular employment status and household composition, are likely to be influenced by past poverty outcomes. Therefore, a model of state dependence is developed that explicitly allows for possible feedback effects from past poverty to future employment and household composition outcomes. Empirical results based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) suggest that there are indeed such feedback effects and that failure t…
Job Mobility and Sorting: Theory and Evidence
2019
Abstract Motivated by the canonical (random) on-the-job search model, I measure a person’s ability to sort into higher ranked jobs by the risk ratio of job-to-job transitions to transitions into unemployment. I show that this measure possesses various desirable features. Making use of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), I study the relation between human capital and the risk ratio of job-to-job transitions to transitions into unemployment. Formal education tends to be positively associated with this risk ratio. General experience and occupational tenure have a pronounced negative correlation with both job-to-job transitions and transitions into unemployment, leaving the r…
Employment protection : its effects on different skill groups and on the incentive to become skilled
2005
Summary Employment protection affects labour market outcomes and hence the incentive to acquire skills. Using a matching model with two education levels in which workers decide ex-ante on their skill formation, it is shown that employment protection can raise the fraction of skilled workers. This will be the case if workers obtain a sufficiently large fraction of the rent created by skill formation. Furthermore, it will be shown that high-skilled workers face shorter unemployment duration and lower dismissal probabilities.
Desigualdad de género en tiempos de crisis: análisis comparativo de la economía social
2011
La crisis economica en la que aun se halla inmersa la economia espanola ha sido especialmente procaz en el mercado laboral. Las abultadas cifras de desempleo parecen enmascarar una tetrica situacion que es experimentada de desigual forma por hombres y mujeres. En este contexto, el objetivo fundamental de este articulo estriba en analizar si las diferencias de genero existentes en el mercado laboral espanol se manifiestan del mismo modo durante la actual crisis o bien se aprecian diferencias entre la epoca de recesion y la inmediatamente anterior. Valorar si la crisis ha afectado por igual a los miembros de uno y otro sexo o si ha habido diferencias sustanciales entre ellos, conforma el hilo…
A PROOF OF THE POWER OF KIM'S TEST AGAINST STATIONARY PROCESSES WITH STRUCTURAL BREAKS
2005
Recently, Kim (2000)1 and Busetti and Taylor (2004) have proposed different ratio-based procedures to test the hypothesis of stationarity against the alternative of changing persistence.2 This includes the alternative of a process changing from 1(0) to I(1) and vice versa, although Busetti and Taylor (2004) show that Kim's original test (2000) is inconsistent against fixed I(1) I(0) alternatives. In this note we show that, similarly to other stationarity tests (e.g., Kwiatkowski, Phillips, Schmidt, and Shin [KPSS]), Kim's test (2000) rejects the null of stationarity asymptotically with probability one, whenever the true data generating process is a stationary one around a constant term with…
La economía social en clave internacional. Cuantificación, reconocimiento institucional y visibilidad social en Europa, Iberoamérica y Norte de Africa
2013
El presente trabajo tiene tres mayores objetivos: en primer lugar, pretende analizar el grado de visibilidad social del concepto de economía social desde una perspectiva internacional, entendiendo por ello su grado de conocimiento y percepción por la sociedad. En segundo lugar, estudiar su grado de institucionalización en el ordenamiento jurídico ya sea con leyes, políticas de fomento o con órganos específicos de atención a la economía social. Finalmente, pretende cartografiar cuantitativamente la economía social, trazando las dimensiones macroeconómicas de este tercer sector de las economías. El ámbito geográfico abordado son los países de la Unión Europea, Iberoamérica y Norte de África. …
La economía social y solidaria en Grecia
2017
El 31 de octubre de 2016 el Parlamento griego aprobó la Ley 4430/2016 de Economía Social y Solidaria (ESS) con el propósito de difundir esta forma alternativa de organización de la actividad económica; apoyar y fortalecer proyectos productivos autogestionarios y de emprendimiento social colectivo, y regular las Empresas Sociales Cooperativas y las Cooperativas de Trabajadores. En este trabajo hemos analizado las principales características de la ESS griega, principalmente en relación con otros modelos europeos; y los distintos tipos de empresas que integra, subrayando las diferencias entre ellas y sus principales características frente a otras instituciones próximas como las cooperativas so…