Search results for "socioeconomic"
showing 10 items of 945 documents
Community water fluoridation and caries prevention: a critical review.
2006
The aim of this paper was to critically review the current role of community water fluoridation in preventing dental caries. Original articles and reviews published in English language from January 2001 to June 2006 were selected through MEDLINE database. Other sources were taken from the references of the selected papers. For the past 50 years community water fluoridation has been considered the milestone of caries prevention and as one of the major public health measures of the 20th century. However, it is now accepted that the primary cariostatic action of fluoride occurs after tooth eruption. Moreover, the caries reduction directly attributable to water fluoridation have declined in the…
Indicators of an Integrated Home Care Model Shaped by the Needs of Patients Discharged from the Emergency Department
2020
Introduction: Developing community care models aims to satisfy the needs of patients’ in-home care comprehensively. This is crucial to decrease adverse events and prevent rehospitalization. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 emergency department patients (EDPs) and 200 general practice patients (GPPs). The modified version of the Camberwell Assessment of Need Short Appraisal Schedule (CANSAS), the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI), the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ), and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLCS) were used. Results: The study indicated the higher level of unmet needs in EDPs than in th…
Vaccination greatly reduces disease, disability, death and inequity worldwide
2007
In low-income countries, infectious diseases still account for a large proportion of deaths, highlighting health inequities largely caused by economic differences. Vaccination can cut health-care costs and reduce these inequities. Disease control, elimination or eradication can save billions of US dollars for communities and countries. Vaccines have lowered the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and will control cervical cancer. Travellers can be protected against "exotic" diseases by appropriate vaccination. Vaccines are considered indispensable against bioterrorism. They can combat resistance to antibiotics in some pathogens. Noncommunicable diseases, such as ischaemic heart disease, c…
Social deprivation and 1‐year survival after stroke: a prospective cohort study
2020
BACKGROUND Social deprivation may have a deleterious influence on post-stroke outcomes, but available data in the literature are mixed. AIM The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the impact of social deprivation on 1-year survival in patients with first-ever stroke. METHODS Social deprivation was assessed at individual level with the EPICES score, a validated multidimensional questionnaire, in 1312 patients with ischemic stroke and 228 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, who were prospectively enrolled in six French study centers. Baseline characteristics including stroke severity and pre-stroke functional status were collected. Multivariable Cox models were generated …
Trajectories of Physical Activity Predict the Onset of Depressive Symptoms but Not Their Progression: A Prospective Cohort Study
2016
This prospective, community-based study examined trajectories of physical activity from childhood to adulthood and whether these trajectories contributed to depressive symptoms in adulthood to a greater degree than adulthood physical activity. Participants (n=3596) were from the ongoing Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study which started in 1980. Depressive symptoms were measured with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in 2012, and physical activity was assessed from 1980 to 2011 with self-reports. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, childhood negative emotionality, socioeconomic factors, previous depressive symptoms, social support, body mass index, and smoking status (1980–2007). High…
Correlates of hormone replacement therapy use in Italian women, 1992-1996
1999
we analyzed the determinants of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) use in Italy for the period 1992-1996, using data from a framework of case-control studies of colon and rectal neoplasm.a total of 1574 women aged 45-74 years were considered. This group comprised women with acute, non neoplastic, non-hormone-related diseases admitted to a network of hospitals in six areas of Italy.a total of 146 women (8.5%) reported ever HRT use. The multivariate odds ratio (OR) of ever use was 1.6 (95% CI 1.0-2.6) for women with 12 years of education or more, compared with those with7 years. The frequency of use of HRT tended to decrease with increasing parity: the OR was 0.6 for women with four or more c…
Delay in diagnosis of oral cancer:a systematic review
2021
Background Oral cancer represents a worldwide public health problem, being among the most prevalent, associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. This systematic review aimed to review the causes of the delayed diagnosis of oral cancer mainly in the elderly, in developed and developing countries. Material and Methods Search strategy was developed for MEDLINE databases (via PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and LILACS and for grey literature (Google Scholar, ProQuest and OpenGrey), without language or period restrictions. The risk of bias was assessed using instruments from the Joanna Briggs Institute and the quality of evidence according to the GRADE system. Results The search…
Periodontal status and quality of life in pregnant women with both overweight/obesity and hypertension: a cross-sectional study
2021
Background The aim of this study was to assess the periodontal condition and quality of life of pregnant women affected with both overweight/obesity and arterial hypertension. Material and Methods Pregnant women were dived into three groups: with overweight/obesity and hypertension (G1 = 23), with overweight/obesity without hypertension (G2 = 31) and with normal BMI and without hypertension (G3 = 38). They were evaluated regarding: contextual variables (age, socioeconomic level and anthropometric parameters); periodontal status; and quality of life (adapted version of Oral Health Impact Profile – OHIP-14). ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, chi-square and binary logistic regression model were adopted (…
Effectiveness of interventions to improve cancer treatment and follow-up care in socially disadvantaged groups.
2019
Objective To identify and characterize the interventions that aimed to improve cancer treatment and follow-up care in socially disadvantaged groups. To summarize the state of the art for clinicians and researchers. Methods We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies with a control group (usual care or enhanced usual care) conducted in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries and published until 2016. Results Thirty-one interventions were identified, the majority of which were conducted i…
National level wealth inequality and socioeconomic inequality in adolescent mental wellbeing
2020
Abstract Background Previous research established a positive association between national income inequality and socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent health, but little is known about the extent to which national level inequalities in accumulated financial resources (i.e. wealth) are associated with these health inequalities. Therefore, we examined the association between national wealth inequality and income inequality and socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent mental wellbeing. Methods Data were from 17 countries participating in three successive waves (2010, 2014 and 2018) of the cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. We combined individual-level data…