Search results for "soil"
showing 10 items of 3493 documents
A physical model for interpreting the land surface temperature obtained by remote sensors over incomplete canopies
1992
Abstract At the present moment, land surface temperature cannot be obtained in a routine way from satellite data due, in part, to the nonexistence of a complete theoretical model that permits us to know the physical significance of land surface temperature obtained by remote sensors. In this article a relationship between the effective temperature of the radiative system vegetation-ground and the temperatures of each part of the system (top, sunny and shaded wall of vegetation, and sunny and shaded soil) has been derived. It depends on the proportions of each component observed by the sensor, on the ground and vegetation emissivities, and on the crop structure (mean height, width, and spaci…
Impact of spatial resolution and satellite overpass time on evaluation of the surface urban heat island effects
2012
Abstract Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) effect is defined as the increased surface temperature in urban areas in contrast to surrounding cooler temperatures in rural areas. In this paper, we study the characteristics that a spaceborne sensor must satisfy in terms of spatial resolution and overpass time to properly monitor the SUHI effect. For this, Land Surface Temperature (LST) maps, generated at different spatial resolution using the Airborne Hyperspectral Scanner (AHS) imagery, and in situ data of air temperature and LST obtained from the framework of the Dual-use European Security IR Experiment 2008 have been considered for the city of Madrid (Spain). The results showed that (1) spati…
Cropland versus Gariga schrubland on soil organich carbon storage under Mediterranen climatic of Sicily
2009
Soil organic carbon (SOC) pool is the largest among the terrestrial pool and it plays a key role to mitigate climate change. The restoration of SOC pool represents a potential sink for atmospheric CO2. Land use is one of the most important factors controlling organic carbon content. The main land uses throughout the Mediterranean are croplands (olive, wheat and vineyards) and scrublands. The land abandonment or the reclamation of land is changing the cover of scrubland and cropland. This will change the carbon cycle. The aim of this work is determining the direction and magnitude of soil organic change associated with land use change under Mediterranean Climatic Conditions. Using both histo…
Aspects of phosphorus transfer from soils in Europe
2008
Imbalanced nutrient management has caused soil phosphorus (P) to become an environmental rather an agronomic problem in more economically developed countries. This subject has been the topic of numerous journal special issues, conferences, and reviews but we consider yet another review of this subject is necessary with the main target of providing a point of view on non-point transfer from soils and control strategies for an improved environmental management of P. This review considers the causes of the excessive P transfer from soil to surface water in Europe and the scientific knowledge necessary to develop control strategies. There has been an increasing trend towards the P-research inte…
Hydrological consequences of natural rubber plantations in Southeast Asia
2020
Since the turn of the century, rubber plantations have been expanding their footprint across Southeast Asia in response to an increasing global demand for rubber products. Between 2000 and 2014, the area cultivated with rubber more than doubled. It is not clear how this major change in the agricultural landscape of Southeast Asia, the main area of rubber production in the world, is affecting land‐use patterns and water resources in the region. Here we use maps of rubber plantations and other croplands in conjunction with a hydrological model and remote sensing analyses to assess land‐use patterns and water resources affected by natural rubber plantations. Results show water requirements of …
The (Evolving) vineyard’s age structure in the valencian community, Spain. A new demographic approach for rural development and landscape analysis
2019
Vineyards have assumed a key role as rural landmarks in recent decades. Investigating vineyard dynamics and contexts may reveal various economic, cultural, and environmental aspects of rural landscapes, which can be linked to land-use changes and major soil degradation processes, including soil erosion. As a contribution to rural landscape studies, the purpose of this work is to investigate the spatial distribution of vineyard plots in the Valencian community, located in the eastern area of the Iberian Peninsula, focusing on the final product, the type of vineyard and how long each vineyard has been settled over time. The work provides a comprehensive analysis of a wine-growing landscape, c…
Short-term impact of prescribed fire on soil pH, organic matter and hydrophobicity in a Calluna vulgaris heathland located in Lithuania. First results
2015
The aim of this work is study the short-term effects of a prescribed fire used for landscape management on soil pH, organic matter (SOM) and soil water repellency in different size fractions (2-1, 1-0.5, 0.5-0.25 and <0.25 mm) in a Calluna vulgaris heathland (After the fire and 4 months after the fire). We selected two different plots affected by different fire severities in order to observe if different prescribed fire severities could have different impacts on the studied soil properties (The severity in plot I was higher than in the plot II). The results showed that independently of the severity, the prescribed fire did not have in the period immediately after the fire did not changed si…
Characterization of the soil properties in agricultural areas affected by shallow landslides: application in Messina area (Sicily).
2015
The determination of soil properties is considerable challenge when it is aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution of one or more parameters across significant surfaces. In fact, terrain sampling and field data are punctual measurement; therefore, quantitative models are needed to predict the spatial distribution of soil attributes. The spatialization of field and laboratory data is a very important information in landslide studies. Raster layers displaying soil properties can be used both for statistical models and for the parameterization of physically based models. The purpose of this work is to produce a detailed hydrological and mechanical characterization of the soil affected by sha…
Geochemical behaviour of rare earths in Vitis vinifera grafted onto different rootstocks and growing on several soils.
2014
The geochemical behaviour of lanthanides and yttrium (Rare Earth Elements, REEs) has been investigated mainly in geological systems where these elements represent the best proxies of processes involving the occurrence of an interface between different media. This behaviour is assessed according to features recorded in sequences of REE concentrations along the REE series normalised with respect to a reference material. In this study, the geochemical behaviour of REE was investigated in different parts of Vitis vinifera specimens grown off-soil, on soils of different nature and grafted onto several rootstocks in order to evaluate effects induced by these changes. The results indicated that ro…
Integrating soil survey, land use management and political ecology: A case study in a border area between Peru and Ecuador
2013
In Latin America countries, competition for access to natural resources among different groups has been a major reason for the outburst of violence over the last decades. One of the main aims of the political ecology concerns the understanding of the environmental conditions that can underlies the social conflict among people. Such understanding needs to be based on a detailed investigation of the natural resources of the landscape, mainly the soils. Few years ago the Italian Ministry for Foreign Affairs financed a soil survey with a humanitarian purpose: the development of a peace plan between Peru and Ecuador by improving the socio-economic conditions of the rural populations living in th…