Search results for "soil"
showing 10 items of 3493 documents
Changes in the glomeromycota community in soils treated with a mix of pesticides
2010
International audience
Indigenous Listeria spp. in biowastes and during composting
2007
International audience
Isotopic Differentiation (13C) of Dissolved Organic Carbon and CO2 During Organic Matter Degradation in Forest Soils: Influence of Vegetation
2008
International audience
Crosstalks between soil microbial communities and a nitrogen fixing legume species (medicago truncatula) during its Vegetative Stage
2010
International audience
Use of marked strains of pathogenic (FOL8) and protective (FO47) Fusarium oxysporum to visualize their interactions with the tomato root in soil
2008
Several modes of action have been proposed to explain the biocontrol capacity of the Fusarium oxysporum protective strain Fo47, especially competition with the pathogen for root colonization. Confocal microscopy has been used to visualize the interactions between the ransformed strains and the tomato root in soil. A disinfested soil was infested by Fo47 GFP, Fol8 DsRed2, or both fungi together at several concentrations before transplanting tomato seedlings. The general pattern of soil and root colonization was similar for the two fungi, but the saprophytic development of Fo47 was faster than that of the pathogenic strain. Conidia, at the surface of soil particles, germinated as early as 18 …
Development of a new functional marker for β-triketone herbicides exposure in agricultural soils
2018
The β-triketone herbicides are maize selective herbicides that have been largely applied in replacement of atrazine, banned in Europe in 2003. Their mode of action lays on the inhibition of the p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), a key enzyme of the carotenoid biosynthesis. In recent studies, we showed that within the soil bacterial community, many microorganisms possess a functional HPPD enzyme involved in tyrosine metabolism. These “non-target organisms” harbor the target of the β-triketone herbicides and consequently may be affected in response to its exposure. Within this context, the objective of our work is to check for the interest of hppd bacterial community as a marker of e…
Weed flora evolution in direct seeding under cover systems
2018
Direct seeding under cover, by its emergent properties, raises new questions of research on weed communities. The absence of soil disturbance and the implementation of cover crops, modify all factors of conventional agriculture and lead to a complete change of habitat for and management of the weed flora. In addition, these systems allow the development of a certain number of animal communities that interact with one another and with plant communities and thus potentially promote the regulations expected in Agroecology. Finally, there is the issue of annual weed species diversity in systems where tillage is strongly reduced. This thesis, started in November 2017, has as main objective to pr…
Weed flora evolution in direct seeding under cover systems
2019
Since the beginning of agriculture, farmers have been working the soil to produce. With the apparition of mechanization (development of plow coupled to tractors in the early 20th century), this practice has intensified and widespread on all farms. However, in France, since the 2000s, more and more farmers are questioning the utility of working the soil to produce. A new form of agriculture has appeared; the direct seeding under cover which groups together a set of cropping systems that meet certain requirements: no tillage, maximum vegetation cover and diversified rotation. By its emergent properties, this new form of agriculture raises new questions of research that mobilize both agronomy …