Search results for "soil"
showing 10 items of 3493 documents
Spatio-Temporal Effects of Land Use Change on the Anthropogenic Soils Diffusion: A Case Study in a Mediterranean Vineyard Area
2008
Anthropogenic soils created ex novo by land-use change in large scale farming are, from a pedogenetic point of view, catastrophic events that bring the soils to time zero and change the natural pattern of the soilscape, remarkably, in some cases. The quantitative aspects of pedodiversity of a soilscape in South-East Sicily, where some types of soils, in recent decades, have suffered a consistent reduction due to the transformations by large scale farming, are considered. The evolution of pedodiversity over a 53-year period (1955 to 2008) is examined using a dedicated statistical method and a space–time model based on Markov analysis and cellular automata in order to predict the evolution of…
Suolo, architettura e paesaggio
2016
Si può immaginare Rural-urban intersections come una discussione sviluppata attorno ad un ampio tavolo sugli esiti di alcune precedenti ricerche svolte dall’autrice. I professori universitari italiani e stranieri, chiamati in causa, rispondono alle domande di Luciana Macaluso tratteggiando un quadro sul grande e sfuggente tema del paesaggio. «La tecnica dell’intervista, nobilitata dall’ambito giornalistico, è divenuta metodo accademico utilizzato nelle scienze sociali, nella storia e in numerose altre discipline; persino la psicoanalisi è basata su uno schema, più elaborato, domanda-risposta. Di solito, è utilizzata per raccogliere informazioni, fornite attraverso una testimonianza orale re…
A review of the importance of mineral nitrogen cycling in the plant-soil-microbe system of permafrost-affected soils : changing the paradigm
2022
The paradigm that permafrost-affected soils show restricted mineral nitrogen (N) cycling in favor of organic N compounds is based on the observation that net N mineralization rates in these cold climates are negligible. However, we find here that this perception is wrong. By synthesizing published data on N cycling in the plant-soil-microbe system of permafrost ecosystems we show that gross ammonification and nitrification rates in active layers were of similar magnitude and showed a similar dependence on soil organic carbon (C) and total N concentrations as observed in temperate and tropical systems. Moreover, high protein depolymerization rates and only marginal effects of C:N stoichiomet…
Mycorrhizal symbiosis changes host nitrogen source use
2021
Abstract Purpose The ecological importance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in plant acquisition of inorganic and organic sources of nitrogen (N) is not clear. To improve understanding of the plant N nutrition ecology, we tested the effect of intraspecific competition and AMF in plant N source use in growth and N acquisition. Methods Solidago virgaurea was grown in microcosms in a fully factorial experiment under greenhouse conditions. The factors tested were intraspecific competition between seedlings and adult plants (yes, no), N source (NH4, glycine) and AMF (inoculated with Glomus hoi, not inoculated). Results When grown separately, non-mycorrhizal seedling growth was highest when …
Mise en place d’outils et de bio-indicateurs pertinents de la qualité des sols (Chapitre 9)
2017
Mise en place d’outils et de bio-indicateurs pertinents de la qualité des sols (Chapitre 9)
Le traçage isotopique pour étudier la production par les microorganismes du sol d'oxyde nitreux, gaz à effet de serre.
2008
Domaine SCIENCES DE L’ALIMENT ET AGRO-ENVIRONNEMENT
Coupling two radar backscattering models to assess soil roughness and surface water content at farm scale
2013
Remote sensing techniques are useful for agro-hydrological monitoring at the farm scale because the availability of spatially and temporally distributed data improves agricultural models for irrigation and crop yield optimization under water scarcity conditions. This research focuses on the surface water content retrieval using active microwave data. Two semi-empirical models were chosen as these showed the best performances in simulating cross and co-polarized backscatter. Thus, these models were coupled to obtain reliable assessments of both soil water content and soil roughness. The use of the coupled model enables one to avoid using roughness measured in situ. Remote sensing images and …
Influence of citrates nanoparticles on morphological traits of bacterial cells pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens
2020
Electron microscope investigations have revealed disintegration of the cell wall of Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens and subsequent killing of bacterial cells after application of 1% solutions of the citrates of Ag-Cu nanoparticles, the complex Co-Cu-Zn-Fe-Mn-Mo-Mg (Avatar-1) and iodine-selenium. In field conditions, it was revealed that pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds with the aforementioned 1% solutions significantly inhibited the development of basal glume rot in cereals with artificial infection of Pseudomonas syringae рv. аtrofaciens. Consequently, reduction of the typical symptoms of basal glume rot of cereals and the percentage of isolated cells of Pseudomonas syringae рv. аt…
Identification of phytopathogenic bacteria in maize seeds in Ukraine
2018
The main bacterial diseases of maize: bacterial wilt of maize (Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii), goss’s bacterial wilt (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis), seed rot-seedling blight of maize (Bacillus subtilis), bacterial spot of maize (Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae), bacterial leaf spot of maize (Pantoea agglomerans) and bacterial stalk rot of maize caused by several causative agents, were described. The causative agents of these diseases are often stored and transmitted with seeds, so seed analysis for the presence of phytopathogenic bacteria is an important step in the pathogen control system. For analysis, the corn seeds that were grown in the Poltava and Kiev regions …
La collection historique d’échantillons de sols de l’essai patrimonial des ‘42 parcelles’ (INRAE, Versailles) : une machine à remonter le temps...
2020
Following three previous papers (van Oort et al., 2016, 2017, 2020) dealing with current soil characteristics and geochemical budgets in surface horizons, as well as the impacts of fertilization in subsurface horizons in soils of INRAE’s long term bare fallow experiment (the 42-plots trial), we now present some chronological aspects of soil evolution at the soil’s surface since 1928. For that, we analyzed several series of about 15 samples from the historical sample archive for 10 representative treatments: fertilizers with acidifying effects (ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate), fertilizers with dispersive effects (sodium nitrate, sylvinite, and potassium chloride), superphosphate, amen…