Search results for "soil"
showing 10 items of 3493 documents
Challenges in the use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy for improving wood quality: A review
2018
Aims of study: Forestry-related companies require quality monitoring methods capable to pass a large number of samples. This review paper is dealing with the utilization of near infrared (NIR) technique for wood analysis.Area of study: We have a global point of view for NIR applications and characterization of different kind of wood species is considered.Material and methods: NIR spectroscopy is a fast, non-destructive technique, applicable to any biological material, demanding little or no sample preparation. NIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis serve well in laboratories where the conditions are controlled. The main challenges to NIR spectroscopy technique in field conditions are mo…
Evaluación del riesgo en humedales costeros mediterráneos de la presencia de contaminantes químicos orgánicos = Evaluation of the risk in Mediterrane…
2008
El rápido incremento de la población urbana ha traído asociado una intensa presión en el medioambiente circundante. Actualmente, la franja costera en la mayoría de países europeos es el área que ha experimentado un mayor desarrollo socioeconómico. Algunas pinceladas obtenidas de distintas fuentes dan una idea global de la importancia del crecimiento demográfico de estas zonas. Hoy en día, 3 mil millones de personas –alrededor de la mitad de la población mundial- viven a menos de 200 kilómetros de la costa. Dos quintas partes de las ciudades con poblaciones de entre 1 y 10 millones están localizadas cerca de la costa. En Bélgica, Portugal y España, la densidad de población en los 10 kilómetr…
Data from: Patterns of earthworm, enchytraeid and nematode diversity and community structure in urban soils of different ages
2017
Annelids (Lumbricidae and Enchytraeidae) and nematodes are common soil organisms and play important roles in organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling and creation of soil structure and porosity. However, these three groups have rarely been studied together and only few studies exist for urban soils. We studied the diversity and community composition of annelids and nematodes in soils spanning more than two centuries of urban soil development in Neuchâtel (Switzerland) and assessed the relationships 1) among these three groups and 2) between each group and environmental (physical, chemical and functional) characteristics of soils and soil age. While the groups of environmental variable…
Data from: The origin of the serpentine endemic Minuartia laricifolia subsp. ophiolitica by vicariance and competitive exclusion
2013
Serpentine soils harbour a unique flora that is rich in endemics. We examined the evolution of serpentine endemism in Minuartia laricifolia, which has two ecologically distinct subspecies with disjunct distributions: subsp. laricifolia on siliceous rocks in the western Alps and eastern Pyrenees and subsp. ophiolitica on serpentine in the northern Apennines. We analysed AFLPs and chloroplast sequences from 30 populations to examine their relationships and how their current distributions and ecologies were influenced by Quaternary climatic changes. Minuartia laricifolia was divided into four groups with a BAPS cluster analysis of the AFLP data, one group consisted only of subsp. ophiolitica, …
Microbial technologies for the discovery of novel bioactive metabolites
2002
Soil microbes represent an important source of biologically active compounds. These molecules present original and unexpected structure and are selective inhibitors of their molecular targets. At Biosearch Italia, discovery of new bioactive molecules is mostly carried out through the exploitation of a proprietary strain collection of over 50000 strains, mostly unusual genera of actinomycetes and uncommon filamentous fungi. A critical element in a drug discovery based on microbial extracts is the isolation of unexploited groups of microorganisms that are at the same time good producers of secondary metabolites. Molecular genetics can assist in these efforts. We will review the development an…
Hydrolytic enzyme activity of Paenibacillus sp. strain B2 and effects of the antagonistic bacterium on cell integrity of two soil-borne pathogenic fu…
2000
Paenibacillus sp. strain B2, isolated from the mycorrhizosphere of Sorghum bicolor and having an antagonistic activity towards soil-borne fungal pathogens, possessed extracellular cellulolytic, proteolytic, chitinolytic and pectinolytic enzyme activities. The eventual role of these lytic enzymes in cellular interactions between Paenibacillus sp. strain B2 and Phytophthora parasitica and Fusariumoxysporum was investigated by electron microscopy and molecular cytology. Electron microscopic observations showed that the presence of Paenibacillus sp. strain B2 resulted in disorganisation of cell walls and/or cell contents of P. parasitica and F. oxysporum. However, when P. parasitica was treated…
First combined flux chamber survey of mercury and CO2 emissions from soil diffuse degassing at Solfatara of Pozzuoli crater, Campi Flegrei (Italy): M…
2014
Abstract There have been limited studies to date targeting gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) flux from soil emission in enriched volcanic substrates and its relation with CO 2 release and tectonic structures. In order to evaluate and understand the processes of soil–air exchanges involved at Solfatara of Pozzuoli volcano, the most active zone of Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy), an intensive field measurement survey has been achieved in September 2013 by using high-time resolution techniques. Soil–air exchange fluxes of GEM and CO 2 have been measured simultaneously at 116 points, widely distributed within the crater. Quantification of gas flux has been assessed by using field accumulation chamb…
Measurements of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) in diffuse soil emission using the static closed-chamber method
2015
Measurements aimed to evaluate the contribution of natural and anthropogenic gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) to the atmosphere are critical for monitoring and mitigating the impact of this highly toxic air contaminant. Notwithstanding, the amounts of GEM originating from different sources are difficult to be estimated, since specific protocols dictating the most appropriate sampling and analytical techniques are lacking. This study was aimed to test a methodological approach enables to measure GEM released through diffuse degassing from the soil, a mechanism that in volcanic and geothermal areas significantly contributes to the discharge of geogenic fluids to the atmosphere. A static closed…
Methodologies to study soil nitrogen Méthodes pour l'étude de l'azote dans le sol Metodologie per lo studio dell'azoto nel suolo
2011
Nitrogen (N) is a key element within terrestrial ecosystems and, thus, the whole knowledge of its transformation processes is crucial. Especially in soil, complex and heterogeneous system, N undergoes several transformations as it is indicated by its various oxidation states. Moreover, it mainly occurs under a number of organic forms, whose identification and quantification is still challenging. Here, we review some extraction methodologies of N from soil, but also the isotope dilution technique, which helps in assessing gross N mineralisation. Finally, we discuss the NanoSIMS technique, which shows a good potential for investigating soil N dynamics at nanoscale. Résumé L'azote (N) est un é…
Treated waste water reuse impact on soil microbial community structure as assessed by Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (ARISA) fingerpr…
2007
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