Search results for "spain"
showing 10 items of 2556 documents
Human capital in Spain and its distribution by provinces (1964-2013)
2015
The regularly-updated database “Human capital in Spain and its distribution by provinces” provides information about the accumulation of human capital in Spain over the last five decades. The human capital estimates included in this database contain a wide range of information on how education levels in Spain have evolved, classified according to the level of studies completed and other human capital indicators. The database includes information that has been updated until the second trimester of 2013. It can be accessed at http://www.ivie.es/en/banco/caphum/series.php.
Asymmetric decentralisation, economic cycle, regional and local government’s borrowing in Spain
2014
This paper investigates the evolution of sub-central government borrowing in Spain over the period 1996–2011. The arguments and figures provided show that the intense process of political and fiscal decentralisation that took place over the 1990s and 2000s did not lead to higher debt ratios in terms of GDP at these tiers of government until 2007. Although a kind of overspending bias was in effect until the late 2000s, the paper shows that the evolution of GDP and tax revenues provided regional and local governments with enough resources to vigorously pursue their devolved public policy responsibilities and still keep their debt ratios under control. However, since 2008, when the world finan…
Tracing the Evolution of Agglomeration Economies: Spain, 1860–1991
2016
Trabajo presentado a Iberometrics VIII: Eight Iberian Cliometrics Workshop. Organizado por el Institute of Advanced Research in Business and Economics (INARBE) de la Universidad Pública de Navarra, en colaboración con Glocred y expertos de instituciones de España y Portugal. Celebrado en la Upna el 20-21 de abril de 2017. This article attempts to quantify how the effect of agglomeration economies on population growth has evolved over time. Using district population in Spain between 1860 and 1991, recorded approximately every decade, this article examines whether initial population affects subsequent population growth. Our results show that, while the relationship between these two variables…
Two Great Banking Crises and Their Economic Impact Compared: Spain 1976/1977 and 2008
2017
The 1976/1977 crisis was the most severe in Spanish history, but the losses associated with the 2008 crisis are huge. This paper compares these two great banking crises and identifies the main parallels and differences between them. Is the current crisis as severe as that of 1976? What is the impact on the banking and financial sectors? We show that the 1976 crisis is being surpassed by the 2008 crisis in terms of the decline in GDP, industrial production and unemployment, and that these two events have had at least a similar impact in terms of output gap and output loss. Finally, the financial impact measured by different financial indicators confirms the greater severity of the 2008 crisi…
La compra silenciosa. Arrendamientos, estabilidad y mejoras en la agricultura valenciana de regadío (1850–1930)
2007
Resumen Este articulo analiza como fue posible, en el regadio valenciano, un desarrollo agrario basado en el arrendamiento de pequenas explotaciones. Del estudio de los contratos firmados en la huerta de Gandia se deduce, en primer lugar, que los arrendatarios ocupaban la parcela durante un periodo bastante prolongado de tiempo, que tendio a crecer durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX; y, en segundo, que a menudo los cultivadores eran indemnizados al finalizar su contrato por las mejoras que habian introducido. A largo plazo, todo ello consolido su posicion, porque el cultivador se convirtio en “semipropietario” de hecho de la tierra mejorada. Por su parte, los terratenientes rentistas ob…
Financial crises in Spain: lessons from the last 150 years
2012
Financial crises are not unique to current financial systems. Are crises alike? Have they become more frequent, longer lasting and more severe since the 20th century? What does history tell us? The objective of this paper is to study the financial crises that have occurred in Spain over the last 150 years. We consider different types of crises (banking, currency and stock market crises), together with all their possible combinations, estimate their frequency by period and measure their length and depth. The main conclusion we obtain is that Spanish crises have been more frequent than in the rest of the world and have been more severe and more complex since 1973, as the 2007 crisis is confir…
Why did Spanish Regions not Converge before the Civil War? Agglomeration Economies and (Regional) Growth Revisited
2015
In this paper we explore the relationship between the presence of agglomeration economies and regional economic growth in Spain during the period 1870-1930. The study allows us to revisit the existence of a trade-off between economic growth and territorial cohesion, and also to examine whether the existence of agglomeration economies could explain the upswing in regional income inequality during the early stages of development. In doing so, we present alternative indicators for agglomeration economies and estimate conditional growth regressions at province (NUTS3) level. In line with new economic geography models, agglomeration economies in a context of market integration widened regional i…
The Deadly Embrace between the Banks and the State in Spain, 1850-2015
2017
espanolEste trabajo analiza las relaciones financieras entre el sector bancario y la Hacienda publica en la Espana contemporanea. Los sistemas fiscales han sido insuficientes, generando un deficit presupuestario cronico. Este forzo una gestion irresponsable de la deuda publica hasta 1987. Ello impidio que los deficits presupuestarios pudiesen financiarse con deuda emitida en las bolsas, y obligo al Estado a recurrir a la banca (publica y privada). La evolucion de las nuevas series de las carteras de deuda publica se explica por la busqueda de rentabilidad de los bancos y por los cambios en la regulacion bancaria y la represion financiera que favorecieron al statu quo bancario. Se analizan l…
Two stories, one fate: age-heaping and literacy in Spain, 1877-1930
2021
This study looks at human capital in Spain during the early stages of modern economic growth. In order to do so, we have assembled a new dataset on ageheaping and literacy in Spain for both men and women between 1877 and 1930 based on six population censuses with information for 49 provinces. Our results show that age-heaping was less prevalent during the second half of the 19th century than previously thought and did not decrease until the early twentieth century. By contrast, literacy increased throughout the whole period. Interestingly, age-heaping and illiteracy rates depict similar spatial patterns which confirm the stark differences in human capital within Spain. Lastly, we raise crit…
Starting high school? On the origins of secondary education in Spain, 1857–1901
2022
AbstractThe development of modern educational systems radically altered the way knowledge and skills were transmitted. Yet, while elementary schooling rapidly expanded in late 19th and early twentieth centuries, secondary education struggled to find its way. This was also the case in Spain where, despite a growing demand, the provision of public secondary education during the second half of the 19th century was rather limited. As a result, private education, and especially that promoted by the Church, rushed to fill in the gap. Using a new database with municipal-level data, we examine what drove the expansion of private schools. As expected, demand-pull factors were critical. Still, the in…