Search results for "spain"
showing 10 items of 2556 documents
Precipitation assessment in wastewater treatment plants operated for biological nutrient removal: a case study in Murcia, Spain.
2009
The Murcia Este Wastewater Treatment Plant is the largest wastewater treatment plant in Murcia (Spain). The plant operators have continuously found pipe blockage and accumulation of solids on equipment surfaces during the anaerobic digestion and post-digestion processes. This work studies the precipitation problems in the Murcia Este Wastewater Treatment Plant in order to locate the sources of precipitation and its causes from an exhaustive mass balance analysis. The DAF thickener and anaerobic digester mass balances suggest that most of the polyphosphate is released during excess sludge thickening. Despite the high concentrations achieved in the thickened sludge, precipitation does not occ…
Islands of biogeodiversity in arid lands on a polygons map study: Detecting scale invariance patterns from natural resources maps.
2016
Many maps (geology, hydrology, soil, vegetation, etc.) are created to inventory natural resources. Each of these resources is mapped using a unique set of criteria, including scales and taxonomies. Past research indicates that comparing results of related maps (e.g., soil and geology maps) may aid in identifying mapping deficiencies. Therefore, this study was undertaken in Almeria Province, Spain to (i) compare the underlying map structures of soil and vegetation maps and (ii) investigate if a vegetation map can provide useful soil information that was not shown on a soil map. Soil and vegetation maps were imported into ArcGIS 10.1 for spatial analysis, and results then exported to Microsof…
Occurrence of acidic pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Turia River Basin: From waste to drinking water
2014
The occurrence of 21 acidic pharmaceuticals, including illicit drugs, and personal care products (PPCPs) in waste, surface and drinking water and in sediments of the Turia River Basin (Valencia, Spain) was studied. A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of these PPCPs with electrospray (ESI) in negative ionization (NI) mode. Ammonium fluoride in the mobile phase improved ionization efficiency by an average increase in peak area of 5 compared to ammonium formate or formic acid. All studied compounds were detected and their concentration was waste water>surface water>drinking water. PPCPs were in waste water treatment plants (WWT…
Analysis of perfluoroalkyl substances in waters from Germany and Spain
2012
Water has been identified as one of the main routes of human exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). This work assessed the presence of 21 PFASs along the whole water cycle using a new fast and cost effective analytical method based on an online sample enrichment followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method was validated for different types of matrices (ultrapure water, tap water and treated wastewater). The quality parameters for the 21 selected compounds presented good limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) ranging, in general, from 0.83-10 ng/L to 2.8-50 ng/L, respectively. The method was applied to assess the occurrence …
Characterization of the contamination fingerprint of wastewater treatment plant effluents in the Henares River Basin (central Spain) based on target …
2022
The interest in contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) has increased lately due to their continued emission and potential ecotoxicological hazards. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are generally not capable of eliminating them and are considered the main pathway for CECs to the aquatic environment. The number of CECs in WWTPs effluents is often so large that complementary approaches to the conventional target analysis need to be implemented. Within this context, multitarget quantitative analysis (162 compounds) and a suspect screening (>40,000 suspects) approaches were applied to characterize the CEC fingerprint in effluents of five WWTPs in the Henares River basin (central Spain) durin…
Geografías de la pandemia COVID-19 en España : el retorno del medio rural
2022
La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha supuesto en España la peor crisis de salud pública, económica y social desde la Guerra Civil. El virus ha causado miles de muertos y cientos de miles de infectados, con Cataluña y Madrid como territorios más afectados. Un primer análisis exploratorio muestra, con los pocos datos hasta ahora disponibles y fiables, que esta pandemia ha tenido una especial incidencia en los territorios urbanos con mayor densidad de población y niveles más elevados de contaminación, mientras que las áreas rurales, a pesar de tener mucha más población de riesgo y un sistema sanitario mucho más precario, han mostrado ser mucho más resilientes a la expansión del coronavirus. Todo ello…
Geographical variability in violence against women in Spain
2010
Objetivos: Describir la prevalencia global y por comunidades autónomas (CC.AA.) de la violencia por un compañero íntimo, sus características y la violencia fuera de la pareja, así como estudiar la relación entre la prevalencia de violencia por un compañero íntimo y la frecuencia de denuncias y muertes por este motivo. Métodos: Encuesta transversal mediante cuestionario autoadministrado en 11.475 mujeres que acuden a consultas de atención primaria durante los años 2006-2007. Diseño muestral estratificado y polietápico, con una muestra representativa por CA. Además de la violencia por un compañero íntimo y la violencia fuera de la pareja, se recogieron denuncias y muertes por la primera. Se r…
Geographical spread of influenza incidence in Spain during the 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic wave and the two succeeding influenza seasons
2014
SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to monitor the spatio-temporal spread of influenza incidence in Spain during the 2009 pandemic and the following two influenza seasons 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 using a Bayesian Poisson mixed regression model; and implement this model of geographical analysis in the Spanish Influenza Surveillance System to obtain maps of influenza incidence for every week. In the pandemic wave the maps showed influenza activity spreading from west to east. The 2010–2011 influenza epidemic wave plotted a north-west/south-east pattern of spread. During the 2011–2012 season the spread of influenza was geographically heterogeneous. The most important source of variability in the m…
Maternal seafood consumption during pregnancy and child attention outcomes: a cohort study with gene effect modification by PUFA-related genes
2019
Abstract Background There is a need to test the fetal programming theoretical framework in nutritional epidemiology. We evaluated whether maternal seafood intake during pregnancy was associated with 8-year-old attention outcomes after adjusting for previous child seafood intake and cognitive function. We also explored effect modification by several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism. Methods Our final analyses included 1644 mother-child pairs from the prospective INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente) cohort study (Spain, recruitment between 2003 and 2008). We used food frequency questionnaires to assess prenatal and postnatal seafood …
Variabilidad geográfica de la violencia contra las mujeres en España Geographical variability in violence against women in Spain
2010
Objetivos: Describir la prevalencia global y por comunidades autónomas (CC.AA.) de la violencia por un compañero íntimo, sus características y la violencia fuera de la pareja, así como estudiar la relación entre la prevalencia de violencia por un compañero íntimo y la frecuencia de denuncias y muertes por este motivo. Métodos: Encuesta transversal mediante cuestionario autoadministrado en 11.475 mujeres que acuden a consultas de atención primaria durante los años 2006-2007. Diseño muestral estratificado y polietápico, con una muestra representativa por CA. Además de la violencia por un compañero íntimo y la violencia fuera de la pareja, se recogieron denuncias y muertes por la primera. Se r…