Search results for "specialization"

A longitudinal study on the information needs and preferences of patients after an acute coronary syndrome.

2016

Background Research has shown that the provision of pertinent health information to patients with cardiovascular disease is associated with better adherence to medical prescriptions, behavioral changes, and enhanced perception of control over the disease. Yet there is no clear knowledge on how to improve information pertinence. Identifying and meeting the information needs of patients and their preferences for sources of information is pivotal to developing patient-led services. This prospective, observational study was aimed at exploring the information needs and perceived relevance of different information sources for patients during the twenty-four months following an acute coronary synd…

Responsivity to dyslexia training indexed by the N170 amplitude of the brain potential elicited by word reading.

2016

The present study examined training effects in dyslexic children on reading fluency and the amplitude of N170, a negative brain-potential component elicited by letter and symbol strings. A group of 18 children with dyslexia in 3rd grade (9.05 ± 0.46 years old) was tested before and after following a letter-speech sound mapping training. A group of 20 third-grade typical readers (8.78 ± 0.35 years old) performed a single time on the same brain potential task. The training was differentially effective in speeding up reading fluency in the dyslexic children. In some children, training had a beneficial effect on reading fluency (‘improvers’) while a training effect was absent in others (‘non-im…

Children with dyslexia lack multiple specializations along the visual word-form (VWF) system.

2009

Developmental dyslexia has been associated with a dysfunction of a brain region in the left inferior occipitotemporal cortex, called the "visual word-form area" (VWFA). In adult normal readers, the VWFA is specialized for print processing and sensitive to the orthographic familiarity of letter strings. However, it is still unclear whether these two levels of occipitotemporal specialization are affected in developmental dyslexia. Specifically, we investigated whether (a) these two levels of specialization are impaired in dyslexic children with only a few years of reading experience and (b) whether this impairment is confined to the left inferior occipitotemporal VWFA, or extends to adjacent …

"The Headache Week": a useful tool to highlight "invisible" migraineurs

2005

Contrasting parental roles shape sex differences in poison frog space use but not navigational performance

2022

Sex differences in vertebrate spatial abilities are typically interpreted under the adaptive specialization hypothesis, which posits that male reproductive success is linked to larger home ranges and better navigational skills. The androgen spillover hypothesis counters that enhanced male spatial performance may be a byproduct of higher androgen levels. Animal groups that include species where females are expected to outperform males based on life-history traits are key for disentangling these hypotheses. We investigated the association between sex differences in reproductive strategies, spatial behavior, and androgen levels in three species of poison frogs. We tracked individuals in natura…

Artificial selection for predatory behaviour results in dietary niche differentiation in an omnivorous mammal

2022

The diet of an individual is a result of the availability of dietary items and the individual's foraging skills and preferences. Behavioural differences may thus influence diet variation, but the evolvability of diet choice through behavioural evolution has not been studied. We used experimental evolution combined with a field enclosure experiment to test whether behavioural selection leads to dietary divergence. We analysed the individual dietary niche via stable isotope ratios of nitrogen ( δ 15 N) and carbon ( δ 13 C) in the hair of an omnivorous mammal, the bank vole, from four lines selected for predatory behaviour and four unselected control lines. Predatory voles had higher hair δ 1…

Zooming into firm’s location, capabilities and innovation performance: does agglomeration foster incremental or radical innovation?

2022

[EN] This study answers the question on whether areas of agglomeration or high industry specialization constitute supportive prone-to-innovation environments for the generation of radical innovation. By drawing on the CIS distinction between incremental vs radical innovation, we disentangle the effect of industry specialization on the occurrence of radical innovations, a phenomenon mostly overlooked. By analysing a large dataset of 3,602 firms from CIS and other geographic datasets, results show that a firm's location in high industry specialization areas primarily trims incremental but not radical innovation. Firms' internal knowledge bases do matter more for radical innovation to occur, r…

Micrometer-resolution reconstruction and analysis of whole mouse brain vasculature by synchrotron-based phase-contrast tomographic microscopy

2021

AbstractNervous tissue metabolism is mainly supported by the dense thread of blood vessels which mainly provides fast supplies of oxygen and glucose. Recently, the supplying role of the brain vascular system has been examined in major neurological conditions such as the Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. However, to date, fast and reliable methods for the fine level microstructural extraction of whole brain vascular systems are still unavailable. We present a methodological framework suitable for reconstruction of the whole mouse brain cerebral microvasculature by X-ray tomography with the unprecedented pixel size of 0.65 μm. Our measurements suggest that the resolving power of the techn…

Forebrain specialization and the olfactory system in anseriform birds. An architectonic and tracing study.

1992

In anseriform birds the mediodorsal part of the rostral forebrain is covered by a corticoid (= layered) structure, establishing a unique feature of this avian group since in other birds the non-cortical accessory or dorsal hyperstriatum occupies the corresponding surface area of the hemisphere. The efferents of the olfactory bulb are shown to reach this region, which thus can be identified as a heavily enlarged retrobulbar area. The large expansion of this olfactory representation may indicate an important biological function. In comparison to the mammalian olfactory system the three stratified olfactory projection centers of birds should be regarded as retrobulbar, prepiriform and periamyg…

ICOOLPS 2010 and MASPEGHI 2010.

2012

International audience; At ECOOP 2010 in Maribor, Slovenia, the two workshops MASPEGHI (MechAnisms for SPEcialization, Generalization and inHerItance) and ICOOOLPS (Implementation, Compilation, Optimization of Object-Oriented Languages, Programs and Systems) were combined because both were rather small and shared common concerns, their topic areas being strongly related. Six papers had been accepted to MASPEGHI, but only five were presented because the authors of one paper could not attend the conference and workshop. Three papers had been accepted to ICOOOLPS, and all were also presented. The workshop authors were later asked to submit extended versions of their papers for possible publica…