Search results for "speech"
showing 10 items of 1281 documents
Hemodynamic responses to speech and music in newborn infants
2009
We used near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to study responses to speech and music on the auditory cortices of 13 healthy full‐term newborn infants during natural sleep. The purpose of the study was to investigate the lateralization of speech and music responses at this stage of development. NIRS data was recorded from eight positions on both hemispheres simultaneously with electroencephalography, electrooculography, electrocardiography, pulse oximetry, and inclinometry. In 11 subjects, statistically significant (P < 0.02) oxygenated (HbO(2)) and total hemoglobin (HbT) responses were recorded. Both stimulus types elicited significant HbO(2) and HbT responses on both hemispheres in five subjec…
Auditory‐evoked potentials to changes in sound duration in urethane‐anaesthetized mice
2019
Spectrotemporally complex sounds carry important information for acoustic communication. Among the important features of these sounds is the temporal duration. An event-related potential called mismatch negativity indexes auditory change detection in humans. An analogous response (mismatch response) has been found to duration changes in speech sounds in rats but not yet in mice. We addressed whether mice show this response, and, if elicited, whether this response is functionally analogous to mismatch negativity or whether adaptation-based models suffice to explain them. Auditory-evoked potentials were epidurally recorded above the mice auditory cortex. The differential response to the chang…
Multicenter prospective study on the use and outcome of rehabilitation after total laryngectomy in Germany
2018
Background The purpose of this study was to assess the use and outcome of rehabilitation after total laryngectomy in Germany. Methods We enrolled patients who were scheduled for total laryngectomy, approached them again after surgery, after 3 months and 1 year. Patients completed questionnaires and were interviewed. Results Of 309 participants, 14% had not received any rehabilitation. Reasons for nonuse were primarily ongoing treatment and poor health. Users of rehabilitation had 4 times the odds of attaining any ability to speak compared to nonusers (odds ratio 3.8, P = .02). The main aim of rehabilitation from the perspective of the users was speech rehabilitation, mentioned by 71% before…
Boosting syntax training with temporally regular musical primes in children with cochlear implants
2018
International audience; Objectives : Previous research has suggested the use of rhythmic structures (implemented in musical material) to improve linguistic structure processing (i.e., syntax processing), in particular for populations showing deficits in syntax and temporal processing (e.g., children with developmental language disorders). The present study proposes a long-term training program to improve syntax processing in children with cochlear implants, a population showing syntax processing deficits in perception and production.Methods : The training program consisted of morphosyntactic training exercises (based on speech processing) that were primed by musical regular primes (8 sessio…
Theory of Mind (ToM) and language: stimulating metalinguistic skills in people with dementia
2016
ABSTRACT Purpose The purpose of this paper was to assess the use of the Metalinguistic Skills Stimulation Program in Theory of Mind (ToM) in people with dementia. Methods An experimental research design was developed. Forty-two subjects, 28 women and 14 men, aged 61 to 87 participated in the study. The three following groups were created: Experimental Group and Control Group - both composed of people with dementia, and Normal Group - consisting of people without dementia or any medical and psychological disorders that keep them from living a normal life. All subjects in the sample were evaluated using the MMSE30 Test and the MetAphAs Test. The stimulation program was used with the Experimen…
Phoneme processing skills are reflected in children's MMN responses.
2017
Phonological awareness (PA), the core contributor in phoneme processing abilities, has a link to later reading skills in children. However, the associations between PA and neural auditory discrimination are not clear. We used event-related potential (ERP) methodology and neuropsychological testing to monitor the neurocognitive basis of phonological awareness in typically developing children. We measured 5–6-year-old children's (N=70) phoneme processing, word completion and perceptual reasoning skills and compared their test results to their brain responses to phonemic changes, separately for each test. We found that children performing better in Phoneme processing test showed larger mismatc…
Multisensory integration of drumming actions: musical expertise affects perceived audiovisual asynchrony
2009
We investigated the effect of musical expertise on sensitivity to asynchrony for drumming point-light displays, which varied in their physical characteristics (Experiment 1) or in their degree of audiovisual congruency (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, 21 repetitions of three tempos x three accents x nine audiovisual delays were presented to four jazz drummers and four novices. In Experiment 2, ten repetitions of two audiovisual incongruency conditions x nine audiovisual delays were presented to 13 drummers and 13 novices. Participants gave forced-choice judgments of audiovisual synchrony. The results of Experiment 1 show an enhancement in experts' ability to detect asynchrony, especially fo…
Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome 2 with cerebellar abnormality and neural tube defect
2019
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is a rare dominant disorder with intellectual disability, postnatal growth deficiency, and multiple congenital anomalies. Approximately 50-70% of the patients have a mutation in the CREBBP gene (RSTS1) and 5-10% display an EP300 gene mutation (RSTS2). Craniospinal abnormalities such as microcranium, scoliosis, and lordosis are frequent findings in RSTS1, but malformations of the brain or spinal cord are seen only occasionally. Here, we report on a 3-year-old boy with facial abnormalities of RSTS, broad thumbs and halluces, developmental delay, autistic features, cerebellar underdevelopment, and a neural tube defect. Molecular diagnostic of the CREBBP and EP3…
Reconstruction of mandibular defects using vascularized fibular osteomyocutaneous flap combined with nonvascularized fibular flap
2019
Background The height of single-layer fibular flap is not long enough to return to the ideal height of the mandible. While the double-layer vascularized fibular osteomyocutaneous flap(VFF) is more complicated in shaping and fixation, along with a longer operation time. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effect of VFF combined with nonvascularized fibular flap(NVFF) in the reconstruction of mandibular defect. Material and Methods From September 2016 to June 2018, 15 patients with benign mandibular tumors underwent reconstruction with VFF and NVFF. SimPlant Pro ™ software (version 11.04) was used to simulate reconstruction of the mandible preoperatively. Results All patient…
Regularity of Spike Trains and Harmony Perception in a Model of the Auditory System
2011
Spike train regularity of the noisy neural auditory system model under the influence of two sinusoidal signals with different frequencies is investigated. For the increasing ratio m/n of the input signal frequencies (m, n are natural numbers) the linear growth of the regularity is found at the fixed difference (m - n). It is shown that the spike train regularity in the model is high for harmonious chords of input tones and low for dissonant ones.