Search results for "spending"

The Tax Returns of Public Spending on Universities: An Estimate with Monte Carlo Simulations

2015

Pastor J. M. and Peraita C. The tax returns of public spending on universities: an estimate with Monte Carlo simulations, Regional Studies. This paper proposes a methodology based on counterfactual scenarios and the existence of uncertainty to estimate the tax returns of public spending of regional governments on their public universities. The introduction of differences in the time spent by the students at university and the proportion of the total public expenditure implies making assumptions about uncertainty. The paper applies Monte Carlo simulations incorporating stochastic elements to estimate the tax returns of public spending in the University of the Basque Country (Spain). The resu…

State Budget Constrains for 2013

2013

Abstract The state budget for 2013 is characterized by major constraints generated by the date of payment for the loans committed in the previous period, the high level of the payment arrears from the budget to the real economy, the insurance of the money amount required for the operational programs co-financing and by the acceptance of a lower budget deficit than in 2012, with negative consequences for the economic growth and that doesn’t ensure premises for reducing development gaps between Romania and other EU countries. Decreasing the economy financing by excessive budget deficit reduction is completed this year by the banks financing lines, which is still a handicap for financing the r…

Online Expression, Personal Cybersecurity Costs, and the Specter of Cybercrime

2020

The internet is used increasingly as a platform both for free expression and e-commerce. The internet has unique security and privacy risks. Such risks include the threat of criminal cyberattacks, including hacking and doxing. Internet users have a variety of attitudes towards the security and privacy risks involved with using the internet and distinct concerns and behaviors with regard to expressing themselves online. In order to mitigate the security and privacy risks of the internet, some internet users spend valuable time thinking about and configuring the security settings of their devices. They may also have different attitudes towards personal spending of money for cybersecurity prod…

What is it and how to measure cultural tourism? A longitudinal study with time series for the Spanish case

2013

Por su poder diferenciador, y su débil contingencia a la moda el turismo cultural se ha convertido en un reto para los destinos. No solo dinamiza zonas de interior sino que es una manera para algunos destinos de salvar su patrimonio y crear empleos. Sin embargo, el concepto de turismo cultural es complejo y su delimitación y medición difíciles. En una primera parte teórica, este trabajo realiza una revisión conceptual del turismo cultural enfocando la dialéctica existente entre experiencia y autenticidad, y destacando después la diversidad de tipologías de turismo y de turista cultural. En la parte empírica, después de abordar la dificultad de medición, se presenta un estudio con series tem…

2017

This article is about the issues of self-assessment of inequalities in standards of living in rural areas in Poland. The goal of the research is to identify the differentiation of subjective assessments of the standard of living made by rural households. Subjective feelings of the surveyed households were compared with selected objective characteristics of their material situation. The most representative indicator of the households’ financial situation there was an assumed level of consumer spending. A comparative analysis of the self assessment was conducted, the consumer spending and the selected characteristics of households belonging to various socio-economic groups. The econometric an…

Evaluation of Deadweight Spending in Regional Enterprise Financing

2012

Tokila A. and Haapanen M. Evaluation of deadweight spending in regional enterprise financing, Regional Studies. The problem of deadweight spending has been previously studied using diverse methods. However, regional variations in deadweight spending have not yet been considered. An evaluation of regional business subsidies in Finland during 2000–2003 is conducted. The analysis reveals regional differences in deadweight spending in proportional and, particularly, in monetary terms. Deadweight spending is dependent on many firm-, project- and regional-level factors, which also largely account for regional differences. However, there seems to be some regional variation in deadweight spending t…

Is the budget deficit sustainable when fiscal policy is non-linear? The case of Spain

2006

In this paper, we re-examine the long-run sustainability of budget deficits, when fiscal policy is conducted as a non-linear process. Our empirical methodology makes use of recent developments on threshold cointegration that consider the possibility of a non-linear relationship between government expenditures and revenues. The analysis is applied to the case of Spain, a country that has recently accomplished an important fiscal consolidation. Overall, our results suggest the presence of significant non-linear effects in Spanish fiscal policy, so that fiscal authorities would cut deficits only if they are ‘large’, which would assure in turn their long-run sustainability.

The Impact of Government Spending on the Private Sector: Crowding-out versus Crowding-in Effects

2011

The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of government spending on the private sector, assessing the existence of crowding-out versus crowding-in effects. Using a panel of 145 countries from 1960 to 2007, the results suggest that government spending produces important crowding-out effects, by negatively affecting both private consumption and investment. Moreover, while the effects do not seem to depend on the different phases of economic cycle, they vary considerably among regions. The results are economically and statistically significant, and robust to several econometric techniques.

Study on the Influence of Economic and Social Factors on the Financing of National Defense

2020

In the Romanian literature and current research, the financing of national defense is a less debated topic. Most studies are conducted mainly for developed countries, which also have the most advanced military systems and focus only on the correlation between military spending and the economy. The objective of the paper is to investigate the correlation between the evolution of military spending in Romania during 1919-2012 on the one hand, and economic, political and social factors, on the other. The empirical study performed used the linear regression model, estimated by the least squares method (OLS), using the statistical software EViews 10. The results of the study showed that the level…

Assessing Long-Term Fiscal Developments: A New Approach

2009

We use a new approach to assess long-term fiscal developments. By analyzing the time-varying behaviour of the two components of government spending and revenue - responsiveness and persistence - we are able to infer about the sources of fiscal behaviour. Drawing on quarterly data we estimate recursively these components within a system of government revenue and spending equations using a Three-Stage Least Square method. In this way we track fiscal developments, i.e. possible fiscal deteriorations and/or improvements for eight European Union countries plus the US. Results suggest that positions have not significantly changed for Finland, France, Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom and the US,…