Search results for "spinal cord"
showing 10 items of 302 documents
Cellular composition and organization of the spinal cord central canal during metamorphosis of the frogXenopus laevis
2017
Studying the cellular composition and morphological changes of cells lining the central canal during Xenopus laevis metamorphosis could contribute to understand postnatal development and spinal cord regeneration. Here we report the analysis of central canal cells at different stages during metamorphosis using immunofluorescence for protein markers expression, transmission and scanning electron microscopy and cell proliferation assays. The central canal was regionalized according to expression of glial markers, ultrastructure, and proliferation in dorsal, lateral, and ventral domains with differences between larvae and froglets. In regenerative larvae, all cell types were uniciliated, have a…
SETD7 mediates spinal microgliosis and neuropathic pain in a rat model of peripheral nerve injury
2019
Abstract Gene transcription regulation is critical for the development of spinal microgliosis and neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury. Using a model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve, this study characterized the role of SET domain containing lysine methyltransferase 7 (SETD7) which monomethylates histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me1), a marker for active gene transcription. SETD7 protein expression in the spinal dorsal horn ipsilateral to nerve lesion was increased from one day to 14 days after CCI, concomitantly with the expression of inflammatory genes, Ccl2, Il-6 and Il-1β. The CCI-induced SETD7 expression was predominantly localized to microglia, as demonstra…
‘It’s not a part of me, but it is what it is’: the struggle of becoming en-wheeled after spinal cord injury
2019
Many people who experience spinal cord injury become long-term wheelchair users. This article addresses the process of becoming en-wheeled through the case example of a disabled man called Patrick.An intrinsic case study informed by posthumanist developments was used. Within this design, Patrick and his manual wheelchair were the entangled participants of the inquiry.Interviews and fieldwork observation with Patrick were conducted. Qualitative data were analysed using the posthumanist notion of 'assemblages'.The results illuminate Patrick's struggle of negotiating a new embodied selfhood that includes the wheelchair. Patrick engaged in ableist rehabilitation after spinal cord injury to recu…
Dry needling technique decreases spasticity and improves general functioning in incomplete spinal cord injury: A case report
2018
Context: Spasticity in neurological disorders (i.e. stroke patients and cerebral palsy) is positively improved by dry needling. However, reports are scarce regarding the potential effects of dry needling in reducing spasticity and improving functionality in patients with an incomplete spinal cord injury. The aim of this case report was to study the immediate, short-term effects of dry needling treatment (10 weeks) on spasticity, dynamic stability, walking velocity, self-independence, and pain in a single patient with an incomplete spinal cord injury. Findings: The dry needling treatment resulted in immediate, short-time effects on basal spasticity in the upper (reduction from 2 to 0 point m…
Mutations in the Matrin 3 gene cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
2013
MATR3 is an RNA- and DNA-binding protein that interacts with TDP-43, a disease protein linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia. Using exome sequencing, we identified mutations in MATR3 in ALS kindreds. We also observed MATR3 pathology in ALS-affected spinal cords with and without MATR3 mutations. Our data provide more evidence supporting the role of aberrant RNA processing in motor neuron degeneration. © 2014 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
Pseudopathological vertebral changes in a young individual from Herculaneum (79 C.E.)
2019
Post mortem abnormal modification of bone are known as pseudopathologies. The geochemical characteristic of the burial soil and/or the presence of biological agents may produce marked changes in bone preservation. This could be the case for a young individual, E74, from Herculaneum, which was a Roman town near Naples completely destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in 79 CE. E74 is an incomplete skeleton of a male individual of 7-8 years of age. Its second and third cervical vertebrae, the eighth thoracic vertebra and the first lumbar vertebra show a septum dividing the vertebral foramen. This condition could be diagnosed as diastematomyelia that consists of the splitting of th…
Effects of Propofol on H-reflex in Humans
2001
Background Depression of spinal cord motoneuron excitability has been proposed to contribute to surgical immobility. The H-reflex, which measures alpha-motoneuron excitability, is depressed by volatile anesthetics, whereas the action of propofol is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of propofol anesthesia on the H-reflex. Methods In 13 patients (group 1), H-reflex was measured before (T0), 3 min after (T1), and 10 min after (T2) a 2-mg/kg bolus dose of propofol, followed by an infusion of 10 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1). Ten patients (group 2) were studied when propofol was given via a programmable pump set to a propofol blood concentration of 6 microg/ml, and 10 pati…
Transient topographical amnesia and cingulate cortex damage: A case report
1996
Transient topographical amnesia (TTA) is the temporary inability to find one's way in familiar or unfamiliar surroundings due to the inability to use well known environmental landmarks for route finding. The syndrome has not been described as having any obvious aetiology and has been thought to be caused by a vascular deficit in right hemispheric structures which are crucial for topographic recognition, i.e. parietal association and parahippocampal cortex. The patient described in the present study complained of several critical episodes of TTA and tonic rigidity of the left limbs. Neuropsychological assessment was normal except for a deficit in spatial memory tasks. Magnetic resonance (MR)…
Comparison of Diffusion MRI Acquisition Protocols for the In Vivo Characterization of the Mouse Spinal Cord: Variability Analysis and Application to …
2016
Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) has relevant applications in the microstructural characterization of the spinal cord, especially in neurodegenerative diseases. Animal models have a pivotal role in the study of such diseases; however, in vivo spinal dMRI of small animals entails additional challenges that require a systematical investigation of acquisition parameters. The purpose of this study is to compare three acquisition protocols and identify the scanning parameters allowing a robust estimation of the main diffusion quantities and a good sensitivity to neurodegeneration in the mouse spinal cord. For all the protocols, the signal-to-noise and contrast-to noise ratios…
Treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with adenylate deaminase from Penicillium lanoso-viride.
2000
The effect of intramuscularly administered immunomodulator, adenylate deaminase (E.C. 3.5.4.6), from Penicillium lanoso-viride on the clinical score of acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, was examined by inoculation of guinea pigs with rabbit brain and spinal cord homogenate (encephalitogen) and complete Freund's adjuvant. Adenylate deaminase (ADA) was effective in delaying the onset of clinical disease. ADA inhibited the severity of EAE. There was a significant decrease in clinical signs. A decrease in the number of morbid and dead animals was observed. Of ADA treated animals, 50-80% developed no clinical manifestations of EAE. The o…