Search results for "spinal cord"
showing 10 items of 302 documents
Effects of electrical stimulation pattern on quadriceps isometric force and fatigue in individuals with spinal cord injury
2015
Introduction Variable frequency trains (VFT) or train combinations have been suggested as useful strategies to offset the rapid fatigue induced by constant frequency trains (CFT) during electrical stimulation. However, most studies have been of short duration with limited functional application in those with spinal cord injury (SCI). We therefore tested force and fatigue in response to VFT, CFT, and combined patterns in strength training-like conditions (6-s contractions). Methods Ten SCI individuals underwent either CFT or VFT patterns until target torque was no longer produced and then switched immediately to the other pattern. Results Target torque was reached more times when VFT was use…
Cortical gene expression in spinal cord injury and repair: insight into the functional complexity of the neural regeneration program
2011
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in the formation of a fibrous scar acting as a growth barrier for regenerating axons at the lesion site. We have previously shown (Klapka et al., 2005) that transient suppression of the inhibitory lesion scar in rat spinal cord leads to long distance axon regeneration, retrograde rescue of axotomized cortical motoneurons, and improvement of locomotor function. Here we applied a systemic approach to investigate for the first time specific and dynamic alterations in the cortical gene expression profile following both thoracic SCI and regeneration-promoting anti-scarring treatment (AST). In order to monitor cortical gene expression we carried out micr…
Experimental validation of the prosthetic leg
2020
Abstract Studies of populations whose ability to perform voluntary movements is impaired due to natural reasons (e.g. aging), genetic anomaly (e.g. Down syndrome), trauma (e.g. spinal cord injury, amputation) or illness (e.g. Parkinson’s disease) frequently result in a basic question: are the observed motor patterns, which may be rather different from those seen in the general population, actually abnormal? In other words, should they be corrected? This question is important, not only for understanding the mechanisms of control over normal and disordered movements, but also for assessing the effectiveness of existing therapeutic approaches and providing focus for developing new therapies an…
Learning Curve in Surgical Treatment of Odontoid Fixation for a Series of Type II C2 Fractures
2019
The craniovertebral junction (CVJ) is a complex anatomical area upon which most of the motion of the upper cervical spine depends [1]. Because of its unique range of motion, the CVJ is subject to several types of traumatic injury; it has been shown that odontoid fractures are the most common ones in the general population and are the most common isolated spinal fractures [2]. Accounting for up to 18% of all cervical fractures, odontoid fractures are the most common ones in elderly patients [3], in whom they account for up to 60% of spinal cord injuries [4].
Influencia de la fatiga en la calidad de movimiento de personas con lesión medular
2017
La fatiga es un fenómeno fisiológico complejo por el que se limita la capacidad del individuo para mantener una actividad física concreta (Bigland-Ritchie y Woods, 1984). En individuos sanos el desarrollo de la fatiga está ligado al ejercicio físico siendo la causa principal que limita la duración del mismo. Además, la fatiga aparece como parte de la patología de diferentes enfermedades y su efecto es igualmente limitador de la actividad física. El estudio de un fenómeno tan complejo se ha realizado con distintos abordajes experimentales y en distintos niveles fisiológicos con individuos sanos, lo que ha permitido distinguir tres tipos básicos de fatiga: a) fatiga periférica, producida en e…
Standards for the diagnosis and management of complex regional pain syndrome: Results of a European Pain Federation task force.
2019
Background: Complex regional pain syndrome is a painful and disabling post-traumatic primary pain disorder. Acute and chronic complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) are major clinical challenges. In Europe, progress is hampered by significant heterogeneity in clinical practice. We sought to establish standards for the diagnosis and management of CRPS. Methods: The European Pain Federation established a pan-European task force of experts in CRPS who followed a four-stage consensus challenge process to produce mandatory quality standards worded as grammatically imperative (must-do) statements. Results: We developed 17 standards in 8 areas of care. There are 2 standards in diagnosis, 1 in multi…
Selkäydinvammaisten henkilöiden toimintakyvyn itsearviointi Suomessa
2021
Selkäydinvamma vaikuttaa laajasti arjessa toimimiseen sekä muihin elämän eri osa-alueisiin. Selkäydinvammaisten henkilöiden toimintakykyä ei ole tutkittu Suomessa laajasti. Selkäydinvammaisille kohdennettujen toimintakykymittareiden valikoima on suppea ja niiden pätevyys vaihtelee. Selkäydinvammaisen henkilön toimintakyvyn itsearviointimittari (The Spinal Cord Independence Measure- Self Report: SCIM-SR) on kehitetty tarkastelemaan juuri selkäydinvammaisten henkilöiden toimintakykyä selkäydinvammaan liittyvissä asioissa. Mittari painottuu fyysisen toimintakyvyn ulottuvuuksiin. SCIM-SR-mittari pisteyttää toimintakykyä siten, että 100 pistettä on maksimi ja samalla paras toimintakyky. Kolmen a…
Unilateral Maximal Isometric Hex Bar Pull Test : Within-Session Reliability and Lower Body Force Production in Male and Female Freeski Athletes
2021
The aim of the study was to (1) assess the within-session reliability of a unilateral isometric hex bar pull (UIHBP) maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) test and, (2) determine unilateral isometric absolute peak force (PFabs) and relative peak force (PF) values in freeski athletes. Twenty-one male and eight female academy to national team freeskiers performed the novel UIHBP MVC task on a force plate and PFabs and relative PF were assessed (1000 Hz). Within-session measures of PFabs offered high reliability on left and right limbs for males (ICC = 0.91–0.94, CV = 2.6–2.2%) and females (ICC = 0.94–0.94, CV = 1.4–1.6%), while relative PF measures showed good to high reliability in both left a…
Ultrastructure of Human Spinal Trabecular Arachnoid
2014
The arachnoid trabecular layer, located internally to the arachnoid layer, is composed of fibers that form the spider web–like trabecular structure found in the subarachnoid space and in the adventitial layer of blood vessels. The arachnoid trabeculae give shape to tubular structures (arachnoid sheaths) for each nerve root and for the spinal cord. Some of these arachnoid trabeculae extend to the pia mater. The trabecular arachnoid is an extremely fragile structure, which can easily be damaged. Because of its fragility, this membrane may be destroyed during dissection and manipulation, so that it is not frequently seen or systematically described. Trabecular arachnoid limits nerve root movem…
Quantifying an Upper Extremity Everyday Task With 3D Kinematic Analysis in People With Spinal Cord Injury and Non-disabled Controls
2021
Objectives: Upper extremity function after spinal cord injury (SCI) is an important factor for performance of activities of daily living. An objective assessment of upper extremity function preferably in purposeful daily tasks is essential in understanding its impact on real-life activities. This study aimed to identify which movement parameters of upper extremity, measured by kinematic analysis during a purposeful daily task, are impaired in people with cervical or thoracic SCI.Materials and Methods: The study included 29 adults (mean 59.5 years, 9 women and 20 men) with cervical (n = 19) or thoracic (n = 10) established complete (n = 15) or incomplete (n = 14) SCI, and 54 non-disabled con…