Search results for "standard deviation"
showing 10 items of 282 documents
Determination of the energetic value of fruit and milk-based beverages through partial-least-squares attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform i…
2005
Abstract The estimation of important nutritional parameters, such as carbohydrates content and energetic value (calories) in commercially available fruit juice and flavour milk shakes has been made by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) using a partial-least-square (PLS) calibration approach. A highly heterogeneous population of 65 samples obtained from the Spanish market, covering fruit juices, flavour milk shakes and milk-added fruit juices was used. The spectral range and the size of the calibration set for building the PLS model have been evaluated. Considering a calibration set comprised of 27 samples, selected via hierarchical cluster analys…
(Table 1) Age determination of sediment profile SO90-41KL/63KA
2002
The 14C ages of planktonic foraminifers Globigerinoides sacculifer bracketing the Younger Dryas in a d18O record of Globigerinoides ruber from a laminated sediment core on the Pakistani continental margin suggest that surface reservoir ages in the Arabian Sea were in excess of 1000 years during the deglaciation. A least squares error fit of a detailed 14C chronology to the (atmospheric) tree ring record gave variable early Holocene reservoir ages between 780 and 1120 years, well above the prebomb value of 640 years. Mid-Holocene reservoir ages are less well constrained but were probably closer to the prebomb value. The method used to fit individual core sections to the tree ring record was …
An interlaboratory study as useful tool for proficiency testing of chemical oxygen demand measurements using solid substrates and liquid samples with…
2009
In 2008, the first Proficiency Testing Scheme of Chemical Oxygen Demand (1stCOD-PTADG) was conducted to assess the results obtained for different research groups whose field work is mainly anaerobic digestion. This study was performed using four samples, two solid samples as raw materials and two solid samples to prepare high concentration suspended solid solutions. Invitations were sent to a large number of laboratories, mainly to anaerobic digestion research groups. Finally, thirty labs from sixteen countries agreed to participate, but for different reasons four participants could not send any data. In total, twenty-six results were reported to the COD-PT coordinator. This study showed th…
Urban consumers’ attitudes and willingness to pay for functional foods in Iran: A case of dietary sugar
2017
Growing concerns for the incidence of incurable diseases and high costs of health care have attracted consumers to functional foods in the world. These foods are characterized with health improvement, lower risk of disease incidence and less health hazards. The present work examined consumers’ attitude and willingness to pay for dietary sugar in Rasht city, Iran. The studied sample included 125 citizens of Rasht in spring and summer of 2016 whose size was determined by Mitchell and Carson approach. Results of contingent valuation method on the basis of one-and-one-half-bound choice model revealed that the descriptive variable of bid had negative, statistically significant impact on the acce…
(Table 2) Age determination of sediment core NIOP-C2_929
2007
In this study we present a sea surface temperature (SST) record from the western Arabian Sea for the last 20,000 years. We produced centennial-scale d18O and Mg/Ca SST time series of core NIOP929 with focus on the glacial-interglacial transition. The western Arabian Sea is influenced by the seasonal NE and SW monsoon wind systems. Lowest SSTs occur during the SW monsoon season because of upwelling of cold water, and highest SSTs can be found in the low-productivity intermonsoon season. The Mg/Ca-based temperature record reflects the integrated SST of the SW and NE monsoon seasons. The results show a glacial-interglacial SST difference of ~2°C, which is corroborated by findings from other Ar…
Mass and energy flux estimates at different spatial resolutions in a heterogeneous area through a distributed energy-water balance model and remote s…
2012
Computed ET with the FEST-EWB model at high spatial resolution 10 m showed for the three days of analysis a mean relative error of 9.4% compared to AHS data, whereas for land surface temperature comparison a relative error of 1.6% was found. Then, LSTs from AHS and FEST-EWB were aggregated at decreasing spatial resolutions 50, 150, 300, 400, 500, 600, 750, and 1000 m, showing that the thermodynamic variability tends to disappear with a lower number of classes in the histograms and with a decrease of the coefficient of variation CV and of standard deviation values. At each scale, a similar behaviour was reported between each pair of images, with the values of standard deviation starting, res…
Land Surface Temperature From the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer: Validation Over Inland Waters and Vegetated Surfaces
2009
The land surface temperature (LST) product of the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) was validated with ground measurements at the following two thermally homogeneous sites: Lake Tahoe, CA/NV, USA, and a large rice field close to Valencia, Spain. The AATSR LST product is based on the split-window technique using the 11- and 12- mum channels. The algorithm coefficients are provided for 13 different land-cover classes plus one lake class (index i). Coefficients are weighted by the vegetation-cover fraction (f). In the operational implementation of the algorithm, i and f are assigned from a global classification and monthly fractional vegetation-cover maps with spatial resolution…
Probability Distribution of the Residence Times in Periodically Fluctuating Metastable Systems
1998
We investigate experimentally and numerically the probability distribution of the residence times in periodically fluctuating metastable systems. The experiments are performed in a physical metastable system which is the series of a biasing resistor with a tunnel diode in parallel to a capacitor. The numerical simulations are performed in an overdamped model system with a time-dependent potential. We investigate both the cases where the system is deterministically overall-stable and overall-unstable. In the overall-unstable regime, the experimental and the numerically investigated systems show noise enhanced stability in the presence of a finite amount of noise. The determined P(T) is mult…
Electrocardiogram Signal Analysing - Delineation and Localization of ECG Component
2016
In this paper, we develop a new approach based on nonlinear filtering scheme (NLFS) on cardiac signal to evaluate a robust single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) delineation system and waves localization method based on nonlinear filtering approach. This system is built in two phases, in the first phase, we proposed a mathematical model for detecting ECG features like QRS complex peak, P and T-waves onsets and ends from noise free of synthetic ECG signal. Later, we develop a theoretical model to obtain real approach for detecting these features from real noisy ECG signals. Our method has been evaluated on electrocardiogram signals of QT-MIT standard database, the QRS peak achieve sensitivity (…
Monitoring of the smoking process by multicommutation Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy
2007
Abstract Nicotine was selected as the target molecule for monitoring of the smoking process by multicommutation Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The method involved the use of CHCl3 for on-line extraction of nicotine from tobacco, cigarette filters and tobacco ash from NH4OH alkalinized samples, and absorbance measurement of the characteristic band at 1316 cm−1 in the stopped-flow mode, by obtaining the peak area in the range between 1334 and 1300 cm−1. Under the best operational conditions, the procedure developed provided a detection limit of 0.05 mg mL−1 nicotine, corresponding to 0.5 mg g−1 in the solid sample, a relative standard deviation less than 2.5%, and a sampling …