Search results for "structures"
showing 10 items of 4815 documents
100 Years of Benham's Top in Colour Science
1995
For 100 years Benham's top has been a popular device demonstrating pattern-induced flicker colours (PIFCs). Results of early and recent investigations on PIFCs are reported and show that the phenomenon originates in phase-sensitive lateral interactions of modulated neural activity in the retina followed by additional spatial interactions in the visual cortex behind the locus of binocular fusion. Colour matches with normal colour stimuli indicate that S/(M + L) opponent neurons are involved. Dichromats do not find matching stimuli for all PIFCs. PIFCs may become useful in medical diagnosis. The phenomenon is interpreted as a side effect of a neural mechanism providing colour constancy under…
Spatio-temporal Contrast Sensitivity in the Cardinal Directions of the Colour Space. A Review
2010
AbstractWe review the psychophysics of the spatio-temporal contrast sensitivity in the cardinal directions of the colour space and their correlation with those neural characteristics of the visual system that limit the ability to perform contrast detection or pattern-resolution tasks. We focus our attention particularly on the influence of luminance level, spatial extent and spatial location of the stimuli - factors that determine the characteristics of the physiological mechanisms underlying detection. Optical factors do obviously play a role, but we will refer to them only briefly. Contrast sensitivity measurements are often used in clinical practice as a method to detect, at their early …
Interaction of sight and sound in the perception and experience of musical performance
2016
Recently, Vuoskoski, Thompson, Clarke, and Spence (2014) demonstrated that visual kinematic performance cues may be more important than auditory performance cues in terms of observers’ ratings of expressivity perceived in audiovisual excerpts of piano playing, and that visual kinematic performance cues had crossmodal effects on the perception of auditory expressivity. The present study was designed to extend these findings, and to provide additional information about the roles of sight and sound in the perception and experience of musical performance. Experiment 1 investigated the relative contributions of auditory and visual kinematic performance features to participants’ subjective emotio…
Coloration reflects behavioural types in the convict cichlid, Amatitlania siquia.
2015
9 pages; International audience; Interindividual behavioural differences, consistent over time and across situations, are frequently related to differences in reproductive success, susceptibility to disease and competitive ability. The behavioural phenotype of a conspecific is likely to affect the outcome of a social interaction, so an individual must be able to accurately assess behavioural phenotypes in order to optimize behavioural responses during mate choice, cooperative relationships and agonistic interactions. However, behavioural assessment based on dyadic interactions in different contexts can be costly because it may require significant time, increase the risk of predation and oft…
A cross-cultural study using Napping (R): Do Korean and French consumers perceive various green tea products differently?
2013
http://www.elsevier.com/locate/foodres ; WOS:000323239400065; International audience; With the increasing demands of global trading, interests in cross-cultural comparisons have increased to gain understanding in the differences of sensory perception and consumer acceptability. The objective of this study was to compare the differences in perception by Korean and French consumers of green tea produced in Korea, China, and Japan, using Napping (R) followed by ultra flash profile. In addition, overall acceptability was examined in both countries. The results of Napping (R) showed that the Korean consumers were able to discriminate the green teas according to their origins and processing metho…
2017
Prismatic adaption (PA) has been proposed as a tool to induce neural plasticity and is used to help neglect rehabilitation. It leads to a recalibration of visuomotor coordination during pointing as well as to aftereffects on a number of sensorimotor and attention tasks, but whether these effects originate at a motor or attentional level remains a matter of debate. Our aim was to further characterize PA aftereffects by using an approach that allows distinguishing between effects on attentional and motor processes. We recorded EEG in healthy human participants (9 females and 7 males) while performing a new double step, anticipatory attention/motor preparation paradigm before and after adaptat…
En-Face differential absorption optical coherence tomography with gold nanorods as the contrast agent
2008
A new variety of nanoparticles showing unique and characteristic optical properties, appeals for its use as contrast agents in medical imaging. Gold nanospheres, nanorods and nanoshells with a silica core are new forms of promising contrast agents which can be tuned to specific absorption or scattering characteristics within the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum ranging from 650 - 1300 nm. They have the ability to be used for both image enhancement and as photosensitive markers due to their well designable scattering and absorption properties. Furthermore, their strong optical absorption permits treatment of malignant cells by photoablation processes, induced when heating them with a matched lig…
Computed Tomography in Orbital Lesions
1981
Lesions in the orbits are characterized by unilateral or bilateral proptosis and/or disorders of ocular motion. Before the advent of computed tomography diagnosis was made on the basis of conventional radiological studies of the skull and the orbits as well as with ultrasonog-raphy, fluorescence angiography, phlebography of the ophthalmic vein, and arteriograms of the internal and external carotid arteries. The introduction of CT has brought about a correspondingdecline in the use of invasive procedures (Wende et al. 1977).
Evoked local field potentials can explain temporal variation in blood oxygenation level-dependent responses in rat somatosensory cortex
2010
The aim of this study was to explain the temporal variations between subjects in the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) response. Somatosensory responses were elicited with the electrical forepaw stimulus at a frequency of 10 Hz in urethane-anesthetized rats, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with BOLD contrast and local field potential (LFP) measurements were performed simultaneously. BOLD fMRI activation was evaluated by two different models, one based on the stimulus paradigm (the block model) and the other on the simultaneously measured evoked LFP responses. In the initial analysis, the LFP model captured the BOLD activation in the primary somatosensory cortex in al…
"Awake Surgery" of Slow-Growing Tumors and Cortical Excitability Measured by EEG Recordings. Preliminary Results
2012
International audience; To investigate interhemispheric imbalance following "awake surgeries" of slow-growing tumors we recorded EEG in a visuo-manual RT paradigm. Increase of cortical excitability within the ipsilesional hemisphere was signed by increased ERPs amplitude for two patients. The cortical excitability in the lesioned hemisphere may be increased to maintain performances and cerebral plasticity.