Search results for "style"
showing 10 items of 1182 documents
The joint evolution of learning and dispersal maintains intraspecific diversity in metapopulations
2021
The evolution of dispersal tendencies and of cognitive abilities have both been intensely studied. Yet little attention has been given to the question of how these two aspects may relate to each other, as a result of their joint evolution. On the one hand, learning abilities may help dispersers to cope with their new habitat. On the other hand, dispersal may sometimes reduce the need for learning, because local environments may differ in how much there is to learn. To get a better understanding of this relationship, we built an individual‐based simulation in which both learning speed and dispersal tendency were free to evolve. We found that both positive and negative correlations could evol…
Modelling the evolution of cognitive styles.
2019
Abstract Individuals consistently differ in behaviour, exhibiting so-called personalities. In many species, individuals differ also in their cognitive abilities. When personalities and cognitive abilities occur in distinct combinations, they can be described as ‘cognitive styles’. Both empirical and theoretical investigations produced contradicting or mixed results regarding the complex interplay between cognitive styles and environmental conditions. Here we use individual-based simulations to show that, under just slightly different environmental conditions, different cognitive styles exist and under a variety of conditions, can also co-exist. Co-existences are based on individual speciali…
Determinants of Cognitive Performance in Children and Adolescents : A Populational Longitudinal Study
2022
We evaluated the determinants of cognitive performance in children and adolescents. This is a longitudinal study, secondary analysis of the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) study. We assessed 502 children (51.6% girls) at middle childhood (range: 6.6 to 9.0 years), at late childhood, 437 children (51.0% girls, range: 8.8 to 11.2 years), and in 277 adolescents (54.5% girls, range: 15.0 to 17.4 years). Raven’s progressive matrices tests estimated the participants’ cognitive performance (outcome variable) at all time points. In total, we evaluated 29 factors from various dimensions (prenatal, neonatal, child fitness, lifestyle and anthropometrics). None of the neonatal and a…
Which are the communication styles of anti-tobacco spots that most impress adolescents?
2019
Abstract Objectives To evaluate emotions and opinions of Italian adolescents aged 13-18 years old about different anti-tobacco spots delivered by the mass media campaigns over the world. Methods A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted. Italian students from different regions were enrolled. A video that collected 7 anti-tobacco spots from all over the world. The spots describe the tobacco dependence, the health damages and the tobacco components using different communication styles (funny, scientific, dramatic, comedians, shocking, and sad). Information on age, gender, smoking status of family and peers were gathered. Descriptive and univariate analysis of emotional and cognitive r…
Psychometric Properties and a Preliminary Validation Study of the Italian Brief Version of the Communication Styles Inventory (CSI-B/I)
2020
People will typically develop a communication style that tends to be coherent with their own fundamental personality traits. The current debate on communication style acknowledges the construct of adaptive behavior as an appropriate area where to include both the strictly personal aspects and social learning and cultural assimilation, which translate into communicative style as a specific form of adaptation integrating the behavioral and personality perspectives. Due to the lack of instruments in the Italian psychometric scenario to assess communication styles, the present study included the translation and validation of the Italian short version of the Communication Styles Inventory (CSI-B…
Doświadczenie rozwodu rodziców w dzieciństwie a style przywiązania w związkach intymnych młodych dorosłych
2019
Today, over 1/3 of all marriages entered into each year end in divorce. Children struggle with a whole spectrum of negative influences as a result. The purpose of this study was to investigate the negative aspects of divorce and its effect on the functioning of children of divorced parents in their adult lives. The study considered the effects of divorce on intimate relationships; particular attention is paid to the influence of parental divorce on the communication and attachment styles of the intimate relationships of adults whose parents are divorced. Having studied the cases of 101 people (50 people from an active research group and 51 from a control group) using the “Marital and Partne…
Heteroglossic and multimodal resources in use : participation across spaces of identification in a Christian lifestyle sports community
2017
This dissertation examines how members of one particular youth community, Christian lifestyle sports enthusiasts in Finland, use language and other semiotic resources to construct participation in their community of practice (CoP). The CoP is organized around the late-modern activity culture of lifestyle sports. The participants also share the Christian faith and in their snowboarding camps organize Bible study sessions and engage in prayer and worship. The theoretical and methodological framework incorporates sociolinguistics, social semiotics, discourse studies and connective ethnography, including the exploration of both the digital and physical spaces of the community. The dissertation …
Estilos parentales de socialización y ajuste psicosocial de los adolescentes: un análisis de las influencias contextuales en el proceso de socializac…
2012
Estilos parentales de socialización y ajuste psicosocial de los adolescentes: un análisis de las influencias contextuales en el proceso de socialización. El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral ha sido el análisis de las relaciones entre los estilos parentales de socialización y el ajuste psicosocial de los hijos, y si esa relación se encuentra moderada por los niveles de riesgo de los vecindarios en los que las familias viven. Utilizando un modelo teórico de la socialización parental basado en dos dimensiones y cuatro tipologías (padres autorizativos, autoritarios, indulgentes y negligentes), se utilizaron los autoinformes de una muestra de adolescentes (N = 1.115) sobre la conductas parentales…
An Evaluation of the Belief in Science Scale
2019
The Belief in Science Scale (BISS) is a unidimensional measure that assesses the degree to which science is valued as a source of superior knowledge. Due to increased academic interest in the concept of belief in science, the BISS has emerged as an important measurement instrument. Noting an absence of validation evidence, the present paper, via two studies, evaluated the scale’s factorial structure. Both studies drew on data collected from previous research. Study 1 (N = 686), using parallel analysis and exploratory factor analysis, identified a unidimensional solution accounting for 56.43% of the observed variance. Study 2 (N = 535), using an independent sample, tested the unidimensional …
Coping styles of music teachers
2009
The previous findings have shown that musicians as well as music teachers differ in personality characteristics from the general population. There are strong indications that musicians are exposed to numerous stressful situations during their education and professional life. We aimed to: identify preferred coping styles of music teachers and their possible difference in comparison to non-music teachers* coping styles, as well as to depict their relationship taking into consideration certain socio-demographic variables. The sample consists of music teachers (N=67) who teach instruments and music theory and teachers who teach general subjects (N=72). All the teachers filled in the Plutch…