Search results for "subsidy"

How different policy instruments affect green product innovation : A differentiated perspective

2018

Based on representative firm-level data for the three countries Austria, Germany, and Switzerland, we investigate the effects of energy-related regulations, taxes, voluntary agreements, and subsidies on the creation of green energy products, and analyze through which channels policy affects green product innovation and which factors mediate the observed effects. Policy may affect green product innovation by directly stimulating the supply of green products/services, or more indirectly by stimulating the demand for green products/services. Our data set allows us to distinguish between the two channels, which improves our understanding of the frequently observed positive net effect of policie…

Environmental pollution, sustained growth, and sufficient conditions for sustainable development

2016

Abstract Sustainability and optimality are the two main issues discussed in environmental economics and economic growth theory. This paper studies economic growth in the presence of two environmental externalities. The first one is local and gives account of the marginal damage from the emissions flow. The second one is aggregate, or global, and relates to the extreme damage which may happen if the accumulated stock of pollutants is on the threshold of a worldwide catastrophe. In this context, the decentralized equilibrium is inefficient and economic growth unsustainable. However, we find and completely characterize the socially optimal equilibrium, which shows that sustained growth is feas…

Transatlantic Trade Wars: The United States and the European Union in Endless Confrontation

2018

Considering two highly interlinked economies of such tremendous size as the United States (US) respectively the European Union (EU), it does not come as a surprise that these circumstances inevitably provide fertile soil for transatlantic trade disputes to thrive. In spite of their decisive contribution to the postwar trade liberalization process, the two giants never quit being protectionist in certain particular domains considered sensitive for one part or the other. Sensitive domains are those in which nations fear competition from abroad, in apprehension of being disruptive to their own economy. Usually sectors that are incapable of withstanding foreign competition, most often agricultu…

”Meillä ei ole politiikkaa valtionavustuksissa!”

2021

Valtionavustustoiminta on olennainen osa suomalaista yhteiskuntapolitiikkaa ja valtionhallinnon ohjausjärjestelmää. Avustamista toimeenpanevat ministeriöt, tulosohjatut virastot sekä muut asiantuntijaorganisaatiot. Artikkelimme tutkii kulttuurihallinnon virkakunnan vallankäyttöä opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriön (OKM) valtionavustuspolitiikassa. Ymmärrämme kulttuurihallinnon ohjausvälineineen merkittävänä valtaa käyttävänä organisaatiorakenteena. Tarkastelu pohjautuu arviointitutkimukseen OKM:n tulosohjaaman asiantuntijaviraston Taiteen edistämiskeskuksen (Taike) valtionavustusprosessista. Artikkelimme on tapaustutkimus, jossa kuvaamme kulttuuripolitiikan toimeenpanorakent…

Research of organic agricultural production support in Poland

2017

The features of supporting organic production in Poland are analyzed in the article. Poland is characterized by the largest employment of the population and the number of farms in the organic sector among the countries of Europe. Despite the favorable natural and climatic conditions, the scientific and practical base, significant areas occupied by organic production, the powerful export potential of the country, the proportion of organic operators in the structure of agricultural producers is very low. The main obstacles to the transition to organic principles are the poor development of environmental infrastructure and support from various services of the entire agricultural system. Theref…

Emma Brockes ja Megan Rapinoe, Yksi elämä. Megan Rapinoen tarina

2021

Evaluation of Deadweight Spending in Regional Enterprise Financing

2012

Tokila A. and Haapanen M. Evaluation of deadweight spending in regional enterprise financing, Regional Studies. The problem of deadweight spending has been previously studied using diverse methods. However, regional variations in deadweight spending have not yet been considered. An evaluation of regional business subsidies in Finland during 2000–2003 is conducted. The analysis reveals regional differences in deadweight spending in proportional and, particularly, in monetary terms. Deadweight spending is dependent on many firm-, project- and regional-level factors, which also largely account for regional differences. However, there seems to be some regional variation in deadweight spending t…

The Financing of Education : An Economic Issue ?

2000

Building on previous contributions on the same topic, this article gives a brief overview of the financial situation of Education in the different regions of the world then focuses on the shortcomings of the traditional treatment of financing issues by economist among them the quasi absence of equity consideration. It ends by discussing the main issues as they can be seen today : extent of the "right to education", demand side approach to education financing, choice between various types of subsides to students.

Regional Farmers’ Perception and Societal Issues in Vineyards Affected by High Erosion Rates

2021

We explore the current situation in a viticultural region in Eastern Spain from a holistic and multifaceted research approach, which allowed us to understand the biophysical conditions, economic cost, social impact, and perception of the farmers’ community to the use of catch crops. A survey of the perception of the farmers, and an assessment of the biophysical impact of catch crops (CC) and tillage (C = Control plot) on soil organic matter, bulk density, infiltration capacity (single ring infiltrometer), and runoff generation and soil erosion (rainfall simulation experiments) was carried out. Two representative fields as study sites were selected in Les Alcusses valley, within Els Alforins…

The impact of scrappage programmes on the demand for new vehicles: Evidence from Spain

2018

Abstract We evaluate the impact of the Spanish car scrappage programme introduced in May 2009 on short-run car purchases. The scrappage programme was simultaneously discussed and implemented and was therefore exogenous to the consumers. We analyse the effect of this programme on household new car purchase decision and household expenditures. The results show that the scrappage programme increased the probability of buying a new car but decreased the mean expenditure devoted to the purchase of this new vehicle. We also evaluate the effect of financial aid on household welfare. Our best estimate of the welfare gain related to the scrappage programme is very similar to the aid of €1000 offered…