Search results for "substitut"
showing 10 items of 1337 documents
Indacaterol/glycopyrronium/mometasone fixed dose combination for uncontrolled asthma
2021
INTRODUCTION Asthma symptoms can be relieved through a maintenance treatment combining long-acting β2-agonist and inhaled corticosteroids (LABA/ICS). However, for patients with inadequately controlled asthma, the LABA/ICS combination might not be sufficient. Under these conditions, clinical guidelines recommend the administration of inhaled long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) as an add-on therapy to LABA/ICS to better control asthma and improve lung function. For nearly two decades, the only LAMA to be approved on the market has been tiotropium. AREAS COVERED We reviewed recent clinical studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of LABA/LAMA/ICS fixed dose combinations by searching Pu…
Dimethylpyridin-4-ylamine-Catalysed Alcoholysis of 2-Amino-N,N,N-Trimethyl-9H-purine-6-ylammonium Chloride: An Effective Route to O6-Substituted Guan…
2002
Dimethylpyridin-4-ylamine (DMAP)-catalysed reactions of 2-amino-N,N,N-trimethyl-9H-purine-6-ylammonium chloride with fluoropyridine methoxides and various other alkoxides in DMSO at 60 °C gave the corresponding coupling products in moderate to good yields between 20-87%. Under these reaction conditions, fluorinated O 6 -substituted Guanine derivatives have been synthesized which could not be obtained via known analogous literature procedures. The respective yields of known O 6 -substituted guanine derivatives could be significantly improved by using this method. The efficient use of DMAP as an excellent nucleophilic catalyst in the syntheses of O 6 -substituted Guanine derivatives has thus …
Substituent effects on the stability of the four most stable tautomers of adenine and purine
2019
Substituent effects at the C2-, C8- and N-positions of adenine and purine in their four the most stable tautomers are studied by means of B97D3/aug-cc-pvdz computation applying substituents of varying electronic properties: NO2, CN, CHO, Cl, F, H, Me, OMe, OH and NH2. The substituent effect is characterized by the substituent effect stabilization energy (SESE) and substituent Hammett constant σ. For adenine, SESE is obtained with purine as the reference system. Additionally, for both adenine and purine, SESE characteristics are estimated with benzene, imidazole and amino-pyrimidine as reference systems, when possible, taking into account substitution in topologically equivalent positions. T…
Bis(4-methylthio)phenylthiomethane as assembling ligand for the construction of Cu(I) and Hg(II) coordination polymers. Crystal structures and topolo…
2016
International audience; The novel 1D coordination polymer (CP) [{Cu(mu(2)-Br)(2)Cu}(mu-L2)(2)] CP2 has been obtained by reaction of the tetrakisthioether p-MeSC6H4SCH2SC6H4SMe-p (L2) with CuBr in a 1: 2 metal-to ligand ratio. In contrast to the previously described CP [{Cu(mu(2)-Br)(2)Cu}(mu-L1)(2)] CP1 obtained by reaction of the tetrakisthioether p-MeOC6H4SCH2SC6H4OMe-p (L1) with CuBr, the two independent extended 1D ribbons contain bent Cu(mu(2)-Br)(2)Cu units of the butterfly-type with short Cu center dot center dot center dot Cu separations of 2.679(1) and 2.613(1) angstrom. In contrast to the common planar rhomboid Cu(mu(2)-Br)(2)Cu cluster, this butterfly-shaped geometry of the core …
Protein linear indices of the ‘macromolecular pseudograph α-carbon atom adjacency matrix’ in bioinformatics. Part 1: Prediction of protein stability …
2005
Abstract A novel approach to bio-macromolecular design from a linear algebra point of view is introduced. A protein’s total (whole protein) and local (one or more amino acid) linear indices are a new set of bio-macromolecular descriptors of relevance to protein QSAR/QSPR studies. These amino-acid level biochemical descriptors are based on the calculation of linear maps on R n [ f k ( x m i ) : R n → R n ] in canonical basis. These bio-macromolecular indices are calculated from the kth power of the macromolecular pseudograph α-carbon atom adjacency matrix. Total linear indices are linear functional on R n . That is, the kth total linear indices are linear maps from R n to the scalar R [ f k …
An unusually high substitution rate in transplant-associated BK polyomavirus in vivo is further concentrated in HLA-C-bound viral peptides
2018
Infection with human BK polyomavirus, a small double-stranded DNA virus, potentially results in severe complications in immunocompromised patients. Here, we describe the in vivo variability and evolution of the BK polyomavirus by deep sequencing. Our data reveal the highest genomic evolutionary rate described in double-stranded DNA viruses, i.e., 10−3–10−5 substitutions per nucleotide site per year. High mutation rates in viruses allow their escape from immune surveillance and adaptation to new hosts. By combining mutational landscapes across viral genomes with in silico prediction of viral peptides, we demonstrate the presence of significantly more coding substitutions within predicted cog…
An Experimental and Computational Study on the Effect of Al(OiPr)3 on Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization and on the Catalyst-Dormant Chain Halogen …
2005
International audience; Compound Al(OiPr)3 is shown to catalyze the halide-exchange process leading from [Mo(Cp)Cl2(iPrN=CH-CH=NiPr)] and CH3CH(X)COOEt (X=Br, I) to the mixed-halide complexes [Mo(Cp)ClX(iPrN=CH-CH=NiPr)]. On the other hand, no significant acceleration is observed for the related exchange between [MoX3(PMe3)3] (X=Cl, I) and PhCH(Br)CH3, by analogy to a previous report dealing with the RuII complex [RuCl2(PPh3)3]. A DFT computation study, carried out on the model complexes [Mo(Cp)Cl2(PH3)2], [MoCl3(PH3)3], and [RuCl2(PH3)3], and on the model initiators CH3CH(Cl)COOCH3, CH3Cl, and CH3Br, reveals that the 16-electron RuII complex is able to coordinate the organic halide RX in a…
Kinetic evidence for the solubilization of pyridine-2-azo-p-dimethylaniline in alkanediyl-α,ω-bis(dimethylcetylammonium nitrate) surfactants. Role of…
2004
The incorporation of the bidentate ligand pyridine-2-azo-p-dimethylaniline (PADA) into micellar aggregates of the dimeric cationic surfactants propanediyl-, hexanediyl- and dodecanediyl-alpha,omega-bis(dimethylcetylammonium nitrate) (16-3-16,2NO(3)(-), 16-6-16,2NO(3)(-) and 16-12-16,2NO(3)(-), respectively) has been studied at 25 degreesC by examining the kinetics of the complexation reaction of the Ni(II) ion with this ligand. For comparison, cetyltrimethylammonium nitrate ( CTAN), which can be considered as the "monomeric'' surfactant of 16-3-16,2NO(3)(-), has also been used. The kinetic data have shown that, for 16-3-16,2NO(3)(-) and CTAN, at a surfactant concentration below the critical…
The Ability of Variant Peptides to Reverse the Nonresponsiveness of T Lymphocytes to the Wild-Type Sequence p53264–272 Epitope
2002
Abstract Recently, we observed that CTL specific for the wild-type (wt) sequence p53264–272 peptide could only be expanded ex vivo from PBMC of a subset of the HLA-A2.1+ normal donors or cancer patients tested. Surprisingly, the tumors of the responsive patients expressed normal levels of wt p53 and could be considered unlikely to present this epitope. In contrast, tumors of nonresponsive patients accumulated mutant p53 and were more likely to present this epitope. We sought to increase the responsive rate to the wt p53264–272 peptide of PBMC obtained from normal donors and patients by identifying more immunogenic variants of this peptide. Two such variants were generated by amino acid exch…
Misfolded vasopressin V2 receptors caused by extracellular point mutations entail congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
2000
Vasopressin V2 receptor mutants from three different patients with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus phenotypes were investigated after expression in COS cells. The amino acid exchanges within the human V2 receptor are located in the second extracellular loop (T204N, Y205C and V206D). Confocal microscopy showed that all receptor mutants were strongly expressed but mainly located within the cell. Residual binding capacity for the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) could only be detected for the T204N mutant and was 10-fold lower than for the wild-type receptor. Stimulation of transfected cells with 1 microM AVP showed that the T204N mutant was able to activate the adenyl…