Search results for "suns"

Temperature Dependent Suns-V<inf>oc</inf> of Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells from Different Ingot Positions

2018

This paper presents temperature dependent Suns- Voc measurements on multicrystalline silicon cells originating from different ingot positions. The effective lifetime is found to increase for all cells when the temperature is increased from 25°C to 6°C. However, cells from the top of the ingot show a considerably larger increas 40–50% for illumination conditions of 0.1-1 Sun, compared to an increase of 20-30% observed for cells from the bottom. The decrease in Voc with increasing temperature is found to be lower for cells from the top of the ingot compared to cells from the bottom. The temperature coefficient of the Voc is found to vary 5% along the ingot at 1 Sun, highlighting the influence…

A tale of two emergences: Sunrise II observations of emergence sites in a solar active region

2017

R. Centeno et. al.

A 350 year drought reconstruction from Alpine tree ring stable isotopes

2010

[1] Climate reconstructions based on stable isotopes in tree rings rely on the assumption that fractionation-controlling processes are strongly linked to meteorological variables. In this context, we investigated the climate sensitivity of 350 years of carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of tree ring cellulose from European larch obtained at a high-elevation site in the Swiss Alps (∼2100 m above sea level). Unlike tree ring width and maximum latewood density, which contain only summer temperature information at this site, we found that our stable isotope series reveal additionally to temperature a striking sensitivity to precipitation (mainly for carbon) and sunshine duration (mainly for oxyge…

Diurnal timing of nonmigratory movement by birds: the importance of foraging spatial scales

2020

Timing of activity can reveal an organism's efforts to optimize foraging either by minimizing energy loss through passive movement or by maximizing energetic gain through foraging. Here, we assess whether signals of either of these strategies are detectable in the timing of activity of daily, local movements by birds. We compare the similarities of timing of movement activity among species using six temporal variables: start of activity relative to sunrise, end of activity relative to sunset, relative speed at midday, number of movement bouts, bout duration and proportion of active daytime hours. We test for the influence of flight mode and foraging habitat on the timing of movement activit…

Effects of UV filter 4-methylbenzylidene camphor during early development of Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858

2018

Abstract The inclusion of organic UV filters in personal care products (PCPs) has increased in recent years. 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (4MBC) is one of the most used UV filters, and thus it is commonly found in aquatic ecosystems, with proved negative effects on aquatic organisms. Effects on early life stages of marine vertebrates are largely unknown. Therefore, the main goal of this work was to evaluate 4MBC effects on Senegalese sole (Solea Senegalensis Kaup, 1858) larvae at different levels of biological organization. S. senegalensis were exposed to increasing concentrations of 4MBC from egg stage until 96 h. Mortality, growth, malformations, behaviour and biochemical responses, includ…

Experienced Migratory Bats Integrate the Sun's Position at Dusk for Navigation at Night.

2019

Summary From bats to whales, millions of mammals migrate every year. However, their navigation capacity for accomplishing long-distance movements remains remarkably understudied and lags behind by five decades compared to other animals [ 1 , 2 ]—partly because, unlike for other taxa, such as birds and sea turtles, no small-scale orientation assay has so far been developed. Yet recently, bats became a model to investigate which cues mammals use for long-range navigation, and, surprisingly for nocturnal animals, sunset cues, and particularly polarized-light cues, appear to be crucial for calibration of the magnetic-compass system in non-migratory bats [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. This does not appear to ho…

Resistance to water and abrasion of a broad-spectrum sunscreen: a prospective, open-label study.

2015

Akadēmiskā Dzīve, 51. rakstu krājums

2015

Study of lip hydration with application of photoprotective lipstick : influence of skin phototype, size of lips, age, sex and smoking habits

2009

Objectives: To study lip hydration levels when applying a lipstick sunscreen for 3 months and to evaluate the influence of size of lips, age, sex, smoking and skin phototype. Study design: The study group was formed by 140 volunteer subjects, one group consisting of 70 patients applying a commercial lipstick sunscreen three times a day and the other group of 70 controls in which no product was applied. The age range was 20-86 years. The influence in lip hydration levels of age, sex, phototype, size of the lips and smoking habits was studied using a Corneometer 825® (Courage and Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany). Results: An increase in lip hydration was found between the basal (53.…

A European multicentre photopatch test study

2012

The two most common agent groups currently responsible for photoallergic contact dermatitis (PACD) are organic ultraviolet (UV) absorbers in sunscreens and topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, availability of information on the photoallergenic potential of these agents is scarce.To obtain current information on the frequency of PACD to 19 organic UV absorbers and five topical NSAIDs, including newer agents, in common usage in Europe.A prospective, multicentre photopatch test study was conducted with 1031 patients attending for investigation of suspected PACD in 30 centres across 12 European countries.A total of 346 PACD reactions in 200 (19·4%) subjects occurred. …