Search results for "swim"
showing 10 items of 188 documents
Does increased serum creatine kinase activity reflect exercise-induced muscle damage in rats?
1995
To test a hypothesis that exercise-induced increase in serum creatine kinase activity and the concomitant necrotic muscle damage in unaccustomed rats may be interrelated phenomena, and that the first might largely be caused by changes in lymph flow, groups of rats were separately exposed to a swimming, combination of swimming and running, and running protocol. Their serum was then repeatedly analysed over a period of 72 h for creatine kinase activity, and their soleus and the red parts of quadriceps femoris muscles for beta-glucuronidase activity (damage marker) 72 h after the commencement of the experiment, i.e. at a moment when muscle damage is in the necrotic phase. The results clearly s…
The cadence and water temperature effect on physiological responses during water cycling
2013
The aim of the study was to compare the maximal physiological responses during three protocols: maximal test on land cycle ergometer, maximal test on water cycling in an indoor pool at 27 °C (WC27) and at 31 °C (WC31). Moreover, the submaximal physiological responses were compared according cycling cadences and water temperatures during the water protocols. Ten young men were included and performed the protocols in separate days. Blood lactate (BL) concentration, heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO2), ventilation (VE) and thermal comfort (TC) were collected during the exercise. The maximal HR and VO2 showed no significant differences between the protocols: HRmax: 189 ± 7 (Land), 188 ± 14 (WC…
Effects of endurance training on alkaline protease activities in rat skeletal muscles.
1983
This study aimed at comparing the effects of running and swimming training protocols and the termination of training on the activities of two proteases with alkaline pH-optima (alkaline protease and myofibrillar protease) in the tibialis anterior, soleus, and gastrocnemius muscles of male rats. The training on treadmill decreased the activities of alkaline and myofibrillar proteases by approx. 10-20% in the muscles studied. The activities of both proteases were unchanged in swimming-trained rats. Two weeks after the termination of running training the activity of alkaline protease was increased in gastrocnemius muscle but not in the other muscles. Swimming training increased the activity of…
Serum hormone concentrations during prolonged training in elite endurance-trained and strength-trained athletes.
1989
A study of 1 year was performed on nine elite endurance-trained athletes (swimmers) and on eight elite strength-trained athletes (weightlifters) in order to examine the effects of training on the endocrine responses and on physical performance capacity. The measurements for the determination of serum hormone concentrations were performed at about 4-month intervals during the course of the year. The primary findings demonstrated that during the first and most intensive training period of the year in preparing for the primary competitions similar but statistically insignificant changes were observed in the concentrations of serum testosterone, free testosterone and cortisol in both the endura…
Protein synthesis and cyclic GMP content in rat cardiac muscle after swimming exercise
1988
Rats were exercised for 6 h by swimming. Phenylalanine incorporation into myocardial proteins was increased when 2 h had elapsed after the termination of exercise. Cyclic GMP concentration did not change during the experiment, which indicates that cyclic GMP does not act directly as a trigger of myocardial protein synthesis in volume overload.
Maintenance of aquatic training-induced benefits on mobility and lower-extremity muscles among persons with unilateral knee replacement.
2011
Abstract Valtonen A, Poyhonen T, Sipila S, Heinonen A. Maintenance of aquatic training-induced benefits on mobility and lower-extremity muscles among persons with unilateral knee replacement. Objective To evaluate the maintenance of observed aquatic training-induced benefits at 12-month follow-up. Design Twelve-month follow-up of a randomized controlled study. Setting Research laboratory and hospital rehabilitation pool. Participants Population-based sample of 55 to 75-year-old women and men 4 to 18 months (on average 10mo) after unilateral knee replacement. Fifty people were willing to participate in the exercise trial and 42 people in the follow-up study. Intervention Twelve-month follow-…
Toward Prevention of Doping in Youth Sport: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Correlates of Doping Tendency in Swimming.
2019
Doping is recognized as one of the most important problems in sports, but a limited number of studies have investigated doping problems in youth athletes. This study aimed to evaluate doping tendency (potential doping behavior (PDB)) and correlates of PDB in youth age swimmers. The participants were 241 competitive swimmers (131 females
Preservation of modern and mis 5.5 erosional landforms and biological structures as sea level markers: A matter of luck?
2021
The Mediterranean Basin is characterized by a significant variability in tectonic behaviour, ranging from subsidence to uplifting. However, those coastal areas considered to be tectonically stable show coastal landforms at elevations consistent with eustatic and isostatic sea level change models. In particular, geomorphological indicators—such as tidal notches or shore platforms—are often used to define the tectonic stability of the Mediterranean coasts. We present the results of swim surveys in nine rocky coastal sectors in the central Mediterranean Sea using the Geoswim approach. The entire route was covered in 22 days for a total distance of 158.5 km. All surveyed sites are considered to…
Age-related changes in conventional road versus off-road triathlon performance
2011
International audience; The aims of this study were: i) to analyze age-related declines in swimming, cycling, and running performances for road-based and off-road triathlons, and ii) to compare age-related changes in these three disciplines between road-based and off-road triathlons. Swimming, cycling, running and total time performances of the top 5 males between 20 and 70 years of age (in 5 year intervals) were analyzed for short distance road-based (1.5 km swim, 40 km cycle, and 10 km run) and off-road (1.5 km swim, 30 km mountain bike, and 11 km trail run) triathlons at the 2009 World Championships. Independently of age, there was a lesser age-related decline in cycling performance (P<0…
Assembly and Speed in Ion-Exchange-Based Modular Phoretic Microswimmers.
2017
We report an experimental study on ion-exchange-based modular microswimmers in low-salt water. Cationic ion-exchange particles and passive cargo particles assemble into self-propelling complexes, showing self-propulsion at speeds of several micrometers per second over extended distances and times. We quantify the assembly and speed of the complexes for different combinations of ion-exchange particles and cargo particles, substrate types, salt types and concentrations, and cell geometries. Irrespective of the experimental boundary conditions, we observe a regular development of the assembly shape with increasing number of cargo. Moreover, the swimming speed increases stepwise upon increasing…