Search results for "ta515"
showing 10 items of 691 documents
Subjectively evaluated effects of domestic violence on well-being in clinical populations
2013
Effects of domestic violence are reflected in victims' physical, psychological, and sexual health as well as in victims' subjective evaluations of health or subjective well-being. The principal aim of this study was to study the extent to which the consequences of domestic violence are reflected in patients' subjectively evaluated well-being, life management, and sense of security in an emergency department, a maternity department, and a reception unit of a psychiatric hospital. A questionnaire on the effects of domestic violence was administered to 530 patients. 61 patients reported either current or previous domestic violence that affected their current well-being and life management. Dom…
Effects of training on attitudes of psychiatric personnel towards patients who self-injure
2016
Background Improving attitudes of personnel towards self-injurious patients leads to better working alliance and contributes to better patient outcomes. Previous research into the improvement of these attitudes has recorded the need for specific training in evidence-based assessment and treatment of self-injurious patients. Aim The current study describes the attitudes towards self-injurious patients among psychiatric personnel. The study also evaluates the effect of a structured clinical training program on psychiatric personnel's attitudes towards patients who self-injure. It further examines whether age, education, frequency of self-injurious patients contact, and work experience of the …
Trajectories of Physical Activity Predict the Onset of Depressive Symptoms but Not Their Progression: A Prospective Cohort Study
2016
This prospective, community-based study examined trajectories of physical activity from childhood to adulthood and whether these trajectories contributed to depressive symptoms in adulthood to a greater degree than adulthood physical activity. Participants (n=3596) were from the ongoing Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study which started in 1980. Depressive symptoms were measured with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in 2012, and physical activity was assessed from 1980 to 2011 with self-reports. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, childhood negative emotionality, socioeconomic factors, previous depressive symptoms, social support, body mass index, and smoking status (1980–2007). High…
Psychosis, Need Adapted treatment, and psychiatrists' agency
2013
Background: In the Need-Adapted approach (NAA) therapy meetings are a deliberate effort to bring all meaningful parties and views to a common discussion prior to decisions; this constitutes a challenge for psychiatrists’ agency. Aims: To describe how psychiatrists see their agency in NAA. Methods: Using videos of co-research interviews, stimulated-recall interviews of 10 interviewees were conducted and transcribed verbatim. The material was analyzed via an adapted dialogical-narrative analytical method. Results: Institutional forces were experienced as having an enormous impact on psychiatrists’ agency, especially in the inpatient setting, reducing professional creativity. In the outpatient…
Brain event-related potentials to phoneme contrasts and their correlation to reading skills in school-age children
2017
Development of reading skills has been shown to be tightly linked to phonological processing skills and to some extent to speech perception abilities. Although speech perception is also known to play a role in reading development, it is not clear which processes underlie this connection. Using event-related potentials (ERPs) we investigated the speech processing mechanisms for common and uncommon sound contrasts (/ba/-/da/-/ga/ and /ata/-/at: a/) with respect to the native language of school-age children in Finland and the US. In addition, a comprehensive behavioral test battery of reading and phonological processing was administered. ERPs revealed that the children could discriminate betw…
Music Training Enhances Rapid Neural Plasticity of N1 and P2 Source Activation for Unattended Sounds
2012
Neurocognitive studies have demonstrated that long-term music training enhances the processing of unattended sounds. It is not clear, however, whether music training also modulates rapid (within tens of minutes) neural plasticity for sound encoding. To study this phenomenon, we examined whether adult musicians display enhanced rapid neural plasticity compared to non-musicians. More specifically, we compared the modulation of P1, N1, and P2 responses to standard sounds between four unattended passive blocks. Among the standard sounds, infrequently presented deviant sounds were presented (the so-called oddball paradigm). In the middle of the experiment (after two blocks), an active task was p…
The co-occurrence of nonsuicidal and suicidal self-injurious acts in adult women: A pilot study of similarities and differences
2015
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal self-injury (SSI) co-occur in adults. The purpose of the current study was to examine differences and similarities in NSSI and SSI in adult women with respect to (1) methods used and lethality of methods, (2) intent and impulsivity of act, (3) precipitating events, and (4) consequences. The data consist of variables pertaining to 46 self-injurious acts committed by 16 Finnish female participants and recorded using Suicide Attempt Self-Injury Interviews (SASII). The data were analyzed using variables weighted by the number of acts. This study found several differences as well as similarities between the acts of SSI and those of NSSI: (a) the respec…
Auditory cortical and hippocampal local-field potentials to frequency deviant tones in urethane-anesthetized rats: An unexpected role of the sound fr…
2015
Abstract The human brain can automatically detect auditory changes, as indexed by the mismatch negativity of event-related potentials. The mechanisms that underlie this response are poorly understood. We recorded primary auditory cortical and hippocampal (dentate gyrus, CA1) local-field potentials to serial tones in urethane-anesthetized rats. In an oddball condition, a rare (deviant) tone ( p = 0.11) randomly replaced a repeated (standard) tone. The deviant tone was either lower (2200, 2700, 3200, 3700 Hz) or higher (4300, 4800, 5300, 5800 Hz) in frequency than the standard tone (4000 Hz). In an equiprobability control condition, all nine tones were presented at random ( p = 0.11). Diffe…
Group psychoeducation with relaxation for severe fear of childbirth improves maternal adjustment and childbirth experience – a randomised controlled …
2014
Previous studies on the treatment of women with fear of childbirth have focused on the delivery mode. Women with fear of childbirth often suffer from anxiety and/or depression, and treatment therefore also needs to target postnatal psychological well-being and the early mother-infant relationship.Three hundred and seventy-one nulliparous women out of 4575 scored ≥100 in prospective screening (Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire, W-DEQ-A), indicating severe fear of childbirth. These women were randomised to psychoeducative group intervention with relaxation (n = 131; six sessions during pregnancy, one postnatal) or to conventional care (n = 240) by community nurses (referral if necessary…
Anxiety reduction with music and tempo synchronization on magnetic resonance imaging patients
2017
Anxiety and claustrophobic reactions in MRI examinations cause unintentional movements, and such motion artifacts lead to interpretation problems. Furthermore, requested anesthesia makes the process costly. A total of 60 outpatients were examined in the Diagnostic Centre of Pécs, Hungary, to test whether synchronizing recorded music to the gradient pulsation of the MRI device can improve the sedative effect of the music. The patients were assigned to three groups: a nonmusic (control), an original tempo (random) and a synchronized music (synchronous) group. Results showed a significantly decreased state anxiety level after the MRI examination in the random and synchronous groups as compared…