Search results for "talous"

Multi-currency regime and markets in early nineteenth-century Finland

2020

Pre-industrial money supply typically consisted of multiple, often foreign currencies. Standard economic theory implies that this entails welfare loss due to transaction costs imposed by currency exchange. Through a study of novel data on Finnish nineteenth-century parish-level currency conditions, we show that individual currencies had principal areas of circulation, with extensive co-circulation restricted to the boundary regions in between. We show that trade networks, defined here through the regional co-movement of grain prices, proved crucial in determining the currency used. Market institutions and standard price mechanisms had an apparent role in the spread of different currencies a…

From sugar triangle to cotton triangle : trade and shipping between America and Baltic Russia, 1783-1860

2005

Kalevi Ahonen tutki työssään Yhdysvaltain ja Venäjän välisen kaupan, kauppamerenkulun ja kauppapoliittisten suhteiden kehittymistä vuosina 1763-1860. Yhdysvaltain ja Venäjän välisestä kauppavaihdosta 90-95 % kulki Itämeren satamien ja Juutinrauman kautta. Vertailuaineistonaan hän on päätynyt käyttämään Juutinrauman tullitilastoja, koska molempien maiden ulkomaankauppatilastoja pidetään itsessään vajavaisina.Ahonen etsi tullikirjoista amerikkalaiset alukset, joita lähes 80 vuoden aikana purjehti salmesta noin 9500. Hän käytti näiden alusten lasteja sekä niiden koti-, lastaus- ja määräsatamatietoja keskeisimpänä tilastomateriaalinaan. Hän käytti työssään myös muita lähteitä, mm. Itämeren piir…

Velka, vararikko ja tuomio : konkurssi ja sen merkitykset 1800-luvun suomalaisissa kaupungeissa

2017

This dissertation makes use of legal documents and ancillary official sources revealing the life courses of individuals to explore the implications of bankruptcy and the meanings attached to it at a time when Finnish society industrialized and modernized. Three perspectives serve to support the analysis. At the heart of the study is the domestic economy. Thus the study is concerned with cases of bankruptcy ruin both during life and also after death. Secondly, bankruptcy is addressed as an indicator of economic dynamism and entrepreneurial spirit. Thirdly, attitudes to bankruptcy are approached from the perspective of legal and social forgiveness. The era of industrialization gave rise to ev…

Bold ambition, blunted agency? : Examining top management perspectives on a circular economy transition in Finland

2022

The circular economy is proposed as a company-driven means to further sustainability transitions. Top managers have a critical role in fostering the circular economy as they are responsible for shaping and implementing a company's sustainability strategy and performance. In this paper, we adopt a microfoundations perspective to enhance our understanding of the influence of top managers as agents of the sustainability transition to the circular economy. In a qualitative research study, we interviewed 34 top managers of Finnish companies that are actively pursuing the circular economy. The main implication of our study is in exploring the role of top managers, as they engage in actively struc…

On effective biodiversity conservation, sustainability of bioeconomy, and honesty of the Finnish forest policy

2017

A SOLUTION TO THE DILEMMA BETWEEN R&D EXPANSION AND THE PRODUCTIVITY DECLINE: LESSONS FROM THE R&D MODELS IN AMAZON AND FINLAND

2019

As a consequence of the two-faced nature of information and communication technology (ICT), a majority of ICT leaders have been confronting the critical problem of a dilemma between R&D expansion and productivity decline in the digital economy. However, Amazon has been able to accomplish a skyrocketing increase in R&D and market capitalization. Finland has also accomplished balanced advancement not only of welfare but also economic resurgence. This paper attempted to elucidate the miracle of two ICT leaders. By means of a comparative empirical analysis of respective development trajectories, the sources of their success were analyzed thereby the comparative advantage and disadvantag…

Täydentävien hoitomuotojen toimiala yrittäjyyden viitekehyksessä

2000

Building trust in the sharing economy: Current approaches and future considerations

2021

The sharing economy could be an answer to the challenge of sustainability; it can facilitate the sharing and reuse of resources, create new ways of earning money, and enhance social connections. For example, by reducing the use of natural resources without having to acquire or own everything, the sharing economy can positively affect sustainability. At the core of this type of economy lies trust among users and between users and the platform—the system cannot reach its full potential without trust. In fact, businesses or organizations in the sharing economy can even fail due to trust issues, although more information is needed to make better use of the existing platforms. The aim of this sy…

Ecosocial innovations enabling social work to promote new forms of sustainable economy

2020

Social work research and practice that address environmental sustainability have already become prominent. However, a change in unsustainable economic structures is also urgently needed. This study explored emerging opportunities in theory and practice for a sustainable economy that are relevant to the aims of social work. As practical examples, our study concerns ‘ecosocial innovations’, i.e., social innovations that combine ecological and social goals. We analysed how these grassroots innovations in the field of social work reflect crucial shared conceptions of alternative economies. The qualitative data set comprised of 50 ecosocial innovations and six case studies in five European count…

Examining the role of waste-to-energy in a circular economy in Finland with meeting a zero-waste goal

2016

As the concept for circular economy gains traction in the world and the EU pushes for the transition from a linear economy to a circular economy model, the role of waste-toenergy is crucial in a circular economy as it is the last chance to extract value out of material at the same time as providing an alternative energy source, henceforth bringing together a closed-loop system. A functioning circular economy will also have minimal waste generated which is sync with the idea of zero-waste. How all these aspects really work together is the focal point of this Master’s thesis where the aim is to see how the three factors of waste-to-energy, the circular economy and a zero-waste goal work toget…