Search results for "temporal"
showing 10 items of 1095 documents
Localization of Congenital Tegmen Tympani Defects
2007
Objective: This study sets out to demonstrate the normal developmental steps of the tegmen tympani and thus explains the typical localization of congenital tegmental defects. Specimens: For this study, 79 macerated and formalin-fixed human temporal bones from 14th fetal week to adults were observed and prepared. Intervention: Macroscopic and microscopic examination of the prenatal and postnatal changes of the tegmen tympani during its development. Main Outcome Measure: Temporal bones from 14th fetal week to adults underwent descriptive anatomic studies to understand the normal development of the tegmen tympani and to find a possible cause of its congenital defects. Results: The medial part …
No evidence for attenuated stress-induced extrastriatal dopamine signaling in psychotic disorder
2015
AbstractStress is an important risk factor in the etiology of psychotic disorder. Preclinical work has shown that stress primarily increases dopamine (DA) transmission in the frontal cortex. Given that DA-mediated hypofrontality is hypothesized to be a cardinal feature of psychotic disorder, stress-related extrastriatal DA release may be altered in psychotic disorder. Here we quantified for the first time stress-induced extrastriatal DA release and the spatial extent of extrastriatal DA release in individuals with non-affective psychotic disorder (NAPD). Twelve healthy volunteers (HV) and 12 matched drug-free NAPD patients underwent a single infusion [18F]fallypride positron emission tomogr…
Decreased dopamine D2/D3-receptor binding in temporal lobe epilepsy: an [18F]fallypride PET study.
2006
Summary: Purpose: Although animal data are suggestive, evidence for an alteration of the extrastriatal dopaminergic system in human focal epilepsy is missing. Methods: To quantify D2/D3-receptor density, we studied seven patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and nine agematched controls with positron emission tomography (PET) by using the high-affinity dopamine D2/D3-receptor ligand [ 18 F]Fallypride ([ 18 F]FP) suitable for imaging extrastriatal binding. TLE was defined by interictal and ictal video-EEG, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([ 18 F]FDG)-PET and was due to hippocampal sclerosis (HS), based on histology in all patients. Primary analysis was ba…
Association of Low Striatal Dopamine D2Receptor Availability With Nicotine Dependence Similar to That Seen With Other Drugs of Abuse
2008
All drugs of abuse induce a phasic dopamine release within the striatum that does not undergo habituation. Prolonged substance consumption impairs the natural function of the mesolimbic dopamine system, as shown by a decrease in the availability of striatal dopamine 2 (D(2)) receptors in patients suffering from cocaine, heroin, amphetamine, and alcohol dependence. However, it is unclear whether similar changes can also be observed in heavy-smoking nicotine-dependent smokers.In vivo D(2)/D(3) receptor availability was determined with [ (18)F]fallypride positron emission tomography in 17 heavy-smoking nicotine-dependent subjects and in 21 age-matched never-smoking comparison subjects. The smo…
Reduced oxytocin receptor gene expression and binding sites in different brain regions in schizophrenia: A post-mortem study
2016
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with impairments in social cognition. Several brain regions have been implicated in social cognition, including the nucleus caudatus, prefrontal and temporal cortex, and cerebellum. Oxytocin is a critical modulator of social cognition and the formation and maintenance of social relationships and was shown to improve symptoms and social cognition in schizophrenia patients. However, it is unknown whether the oxytocin receptor is altered in the brain. Therefore, we used qRT-PCR and Ornithine Vasotocin Analog ([125I]OVTA)-based receptor autoradiography to investigate oxytocin receptor expression at both the mRNA and protein level in the left p…
Temporal lobe grey matter volume in schizophrenia is associated with a genetic polymorphism influencing glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta activity
2010
At the crossroad of multiple pathways regulating trophism and metabolism, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3 is considered a key factor in influencing the susceptibility of neurons to harmful stimuli (neuronal resilience) and is a target for several psychiatric drugs that directly inhibit it or increase its inhibitory phosphorylation. Inhibition of GSK3 prevents apoptosis and could protect against the neuropathological processes associated with psychiatric disorders. A GSK3-beta promoter single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs334558) influences transcriptional strength, and the less active form was associated with less detrimental clinical features of mood disorders. Here we studied the effect of r…
Experiences of Living in a Disrupted Situation as Partner to a Man With Testicular Cancer
2009
New knowledge has been gained about how close relatives reorient themselves and handle their life situation when facing close relatives' illness. The aim of this study was to describe and elucidate narrated experiences of living in a disrupted situation as partner to a patient with testicular cancer. A qualitative single-case design with a conversational interview using a semistructured guide with open-ended questions was implemented. A young woman whose partner had testicular cancer with metastases was interviewed. Narrative analysis of the data with focus on corporeality, spatiality, temporality, and communality revealed three themes that reflected the woman's concerns in different exist…
Abnormal BAEP and internal auditory canal MRI in intracranial hypotension
2017
Intracranial hypotension (IH) is a treatable condition due to cerebrospinal fluid leak, characterised by variable clinical and MRI findings.1 Positional headache, neck stiffness, hearing changes with subdural fluid collection, enhancement of meninges, engorgement of venous structures and brain sagging are among the most frequent clinical and MRI findings. Typical abnormalities are found in 68%–85% of patients1. Hearing alterations (ranging from misperception to severe hearing loss) are known clinical symptoms of IH.1 The mechanism involves secondary perilymph depression due to patency of the cochlear aqueduct, inducing a compensatory expansion of the endolymphatic compartment, decreasing ba…
The minimally invasive supraorbital subfrontal key-hole approach for surgical treatment of temporomesial lesions of the dominant hemisphere
2009
INTRODUCTION: Surgery in the temporomesial region is generally performed using a subtemporal, transtemporal, or pterional-transsylvian approach. However, these approaches may lead to approach-related trauma of the temporal lobe and frontotemporal operculum with subsequent postoperative neurological deficits. Iatrogenic traumatisation is especially significant if surgery is performed in the dominant hemisphere. METHODS: During a five-year period between January 2003 and December 2007, we have approached the temporomesial region in 21 cases via the supraorbital approach. In 15 cases, the lesion was located within the dominant hemisphere, all lesions had space-occupying effects. In all cases, …
The facilitative effect of gestures on the neural processing of semantic complexity in a continuous narrative
2019
© 2019 Elsevier Inc. Gestures are elemental components of social communication and aid comprehension of verbal messages; however, little is known about the potential role of gestures in facilitating processing of semantic complexity in an ecologically valid setting. The goal of this study was to investigate whether cognitive load, as indexed by semantic complexity, is modulated by the presentation of gestures accompanying speech. Twenty healthy participants watched 16 video clips of a short narrative while instructed to carefully listen to and watch the narrator while functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired. The videos contained passages with and without various co-s…