Search results for "testi"
showing 10 items of 4607 documents
WNT2 activation through proximal germline deletion predisposes to small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors and intestinal adenocarcinomas
2021
Abstract Many hereditary cancer syndromes are associated with an increased risk of small and large intestinal adenocarcinomas. However, conditions bearing a high risk to both adenocarcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors are yet to be described. We studied a family with 16 individuals in four generations affected by a wide spectrum of intestinal tumors, including hyperplastic polyps, adenomas, small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors, and colorectal and small intestinal adenocarcinomas. To assess the genetic susceptibility and understand the novel phenotype, we utilized multiple molecular methods, including whole genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, single cell sequencing, RNA in situ hybridization…
Age-dependent shift-to-the-right in the localization of colorectal adenomas.
1987
The age-dependent prevalence and topographical distribution of colorectal adenomas was investigated in 1006 unselected autopsies (554 males and 452 females) in Mainz, FRG. In 200 out of 1006 autopsies (19.8%) a total of 498 adenomas of the large intestine were detected. The percentage of patients with adenomas increased continuously with age. Only 6% of all adenomas were localized in the caecum and 8% in the rectum, whereas all the other adenomas were distributed rather evenly throughout the ascending colon (23%), the transverse colon (25%), the descending colon (15%) and the sigmoid colon (23%). Analyzing the topographical distribution of adenomas for definite age groups (40-59, 60-69, 70-…
Mitochondrial D310 mutations in colorectal adenomas: an early but not causative genetic event during colorectal carcinogenesis.
2008
Somatic mutations of the D310 sequence of the mitochondrial DNA are reported in human cancers, including colorectal cancers (CRC). The presence of these mutations at early or late steps of colorectal carcinogenesis is unknown. Their prevalence increased significantly with the number of cytosines in the D310 sequence of the matched normal tissue (D310 polymorphism), suggesting that this polymorphism could be a risk factor for CRC. The aim of this study was (i) to investigate the prevalence of D310 mutations in 64 colorectal adenomas and 36 liver metastases from 15 CRC patients, (ii) to assess the relation between D310 polymorphism and the risk of colorectal adenoma in a case-control study in…
Three-dimensional analysis of tumour vascular corrosion casts using stereoimaging and micro-computed tomography
2009
Objective: In order to perform effective translational research for cancer therapy, we need to employ preclinical models which reflect the clinical situation. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare the vascular architecture of human colorectal cancer and experimental tumour models to determine the suitability of animal models for vascular studies and antivascular therapy.Methods: In this study we investigated the three-dimensional properties of colonic tumour vasculature in both human clinical tissues (normal mucosa control [n = 20], carcinoma [n = 20] and adenoma In = 61) and murine colorectal xenografts (LS147T [n = 6] and SW1222 [n = 6]). Scanning Electron Microscope Ste…
Faecal immunochemical tests: A valuable tool for colorectal cancer screening
2012
Colorectal cancer is a major health problem in industrialized ountries and fulfils the conditions required to justifymass screenng of the general population. Population-based controlled studies erformed in Europe have shown that guaiac faecal occult blood esting (G-FOBT) followed by colonoscopy to detect the cause of leeding can reduce colorectal cancer mortality [1]. Nearly all pubished studies evaluated the Hemoccult II (Beckman Coulter Inc., ea, USA) faecal occult blood test. Screening for colorectal caner using FOBT has, therefore, been included in the European Code gainst Cancer and has been endorsed by the European Commision [2]. Despite its high specificity, Hemoccult has been critic…
Perspectives of Chromo and Magnifying Endoscopy
2003
The goal of every routine endoscopy in the gut is the early diagnosis of malignant and premalignant changes of the mucosa. Chromo- and magnifying endoscopes are exciting new tools and offer detailed analysis of the colonic mucosal surface and pit pattern architecture. This review summarizes recent advances in endoscopic characterization of colorectal lesions using magnification endoscopy and chromoendoscopy. Surface analysis of the colon using chromoendoscopy allows a prediction between non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions with high specificity. The precise delineation of the borders and a more detailed macroscopic analysis of the lesions are further advantages. In particular, flat adenoma…
Clinical results of transanal endoscopic microsurgery
1988
Using the "transanal endoscopic microsurgery" technique, 140 patients were treated at the Department of Surgery in Cologne and Mainz. Of the patients with adenomas, 68.2% had typical symptoms preoperatively. The postoperative hospital attendance was 8.7 days, with an average resection size of 14.4 cm2. The postoperative complication rate was 5%, and there were no deaths related to the technique. In a prospective controlled trial, 2.2% of the patients with adenomas treated endoscopically in Mainz showed recidivation, requiring reoperation. The follow-up rate was 100%. In 30 cases, microscopic examination revealed carcinoma. Radical reoperation in 8 pT1 tumours showed neither remaining tumour…
The ‘Difficult’ Polyp: Pitfalls for Endoscopic Removal
2012
Adenomatous polyps are early neoplasias of colorectal cancer (adenoma-carcinoma sequence). The majority of adenomas or early invasive cancers (T1sm1) can be resected by endoscopy. Endoscopic resection techniques include classic loop polypectomy, endoscopic mucosectomy with preceding lifting of the (almost flat) lesion, endoscopic submucosal dissection and transanal microsurgical resection, an alternative to endoscopic submucosal dissection in the rectum. Endoscopic polyp removal should always aim to resect the lesion in ‘one piece’ and avoid, whenever possible, ‘piecemeal resection’. One-piece polypectomy is the basis for a precise histopathological analysis and for proving complete removal…
Chromo- and magnifying endoscopy for colorectal lesions
2005
It is essential to identify patients with premalignant or early malignant changes during colonoscopy. Thus, curative resection can be offered. At present, endoscopy can be performed with new powerful high-resolution or magnifying endoscopes. Comparably to the rapid development in chip technology, the optic features of the newly designed endoscopes offer resolutions which allow new mucosal surface details to be seen. In conjunction with chromoendoscopy, the newly discovered tool video endoscopy is much easier and more impressive than with conventional fibre optics. This review summarizes the value of magnifying endoscopy in the lower gastrointestinal tract and focuses on colorectal lesions.
Chromoendoscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
2012
Chromoendoscopy with methylene blue or indigo carmine significantly increases the diagnostic yield of finding intraepithelial neoplasia in patients with longstanding colitis. The number needed to treat is 14 for panchromoendoscopy to identify 1 additional patient with dysplasia. Chromoendoscopy can greatly facilitate the identification of flat lesions harboring intraepithelial neoplasia. Chromoendoscopy can guide biopsies and clearly reduces the amount of biopsies that are needed per patient. Magnifying endoscopy or CLE are additional techniques, which can be used in conjunction with chromoendoscopy to further reduce the amount of biopsies and to further increase the diagnostic yield. Chrom…