Search results for "thesis"

showing 10 items of 4193 documents

Organocatalytic Enantioselective Vinylogous Henry Reaction of 3,5-Dimethyl-4-nitroisoxazole with Trifluoromethyl Ketones

2017

The enantioselective vinylogous Henry reaction of 3,5-dimethyl-4-nitroisoxazole with trifluoromethyl ketones employing a bifunctional squaramide organocatalyst has been developed. A series of isoxazole bearing trifluoromethyl-substituted tertiary alcohols, 2-substituted (R)-1,1,1-trifluoro-3-(3-methyl-4-nitroisoxazol-5-yl)propan-2-ols, were obtained under these mild reaction conditions in good yields and moderate to good enantioselectivities

trifluoromethyl ketoneReaction conditionsNitroaldol reactionTrifluoromethyl010405 organic chemistryasymmetric synthesisisoxazoleOrganic ChemistryEnantioselective synthesisSquaramide010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesCatalysis0104 chemical scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundchemistrysquaramide organocatalystvinylogous Henry reactionOrganic chemistryIsoxazoleBifunctionalTertiary alcoholsSynthesis
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Football match attendance in Finland

2022

Football fans prefer to see their favourite team win in close matches. Compared to other forms of entertainment, the outcome of sport game is unknown beforehand. Opera audience knows the plot in advance, but in football the winner is revealed only after 90 minutes. The scientific literature of modern sport economics demand theory implies that successful leagues must be based on relatively even competition. This degree of parity within a league is labelled as competitive balance. Sport leagues usually claim that outcome uncertainty is necessary to maintain interest among fans. In this paper, uncertainty of outcome hypothesis is tested applying football data from the highest tier in Finnish m…

uncertainty of outcome hypothesispääsyliputtalousalcohol consumptionsport economicsVeikkausliigamyynticompetitive balancetaloustieteetkulutusfaniusviihdedemand of sporturheilumarkkinointijoukkueet (urheilu)jalkapallokannattajatkäyttäytyminenalkoholi (päihteet)
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Poliolefiny i środowisko

2006

Przedstawiono znaczenie, rozwój metod otrzymywania, kierunki zastosowania i perspektywy rozwoju poliolefin (głównie polietylenu i polipropylenu), materiałów dominujących w światowej produkcji i zużyciu tworzyw sztucznych. Scharakteryzowano oddziaływania tych polimerów na środowisko, kolejno w etapie ich wytwarzania, wykorzystywania i utylizacji odpadów poużytkowych.

utilization of polymer wastessynthesispoliolefinysyntezapolyolefinsutylizacja odpadówChemik: miesiecznik naukowo-techniczny
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Meta-Study

2022

Meta-study is a method for analysing the content and the process of knowledge production in a body of qualitative research. Conducting a meta-study involves four steps: (1) meta-data-analysis which involves the study of empirical findings; (2) meta-method which examines the epistemological soundness and rigour of methods; (3) meta-theory which examines the structures, assumptions, and principles underpinning the primary research studies; and (4) meta-synthesis which brings the three steps together and considers the plausibility of existing accounts, what has been neglected, and what new avenues have been opened for advancing knowledge. Qualitative researchers in sport and exercise psycholog…

validitysynthesisliikuntapsykologiavaliditeettitietoteoriameta-analyysimetodologiaepistemologytutkimusmenetelmätmethodologysynteesikvalitatiivinen tutkimusqualitative research
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Safety in Numbers: How Color Morph Frequency Affects Predation Risk in an Aposematic Moth

2021

Polymorphic warning signals in aposematic systems are enigmatic because predator learning should favor the most common form, creating positive frequency-dependent survival. However, many populations exhibit variation in warning signals. There are various selective mechanisms that can counter positive frequency-dependent selection and lead to temporal or spatial warning signal diversification. Examining these mechanisms and their effects requires first confirming whether the most common morphs are favored at both local and regional scales. Empirical examples of this are uncommon and often include potentially confounding factors, such as a lack of knowledge of predator identity and behavior. …

varoitusväriForagingFrequency-dependent selectionColorPREYAposematismMothswarning colorationtäpläsiilikäsSEXUAL SELECTIONpolymorphismPredationSIGNALSAnimalsaposematismPasseriformesDEPENDENT SELECTIONmuuntelu (biologia)PredatorEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsParusluonnonvalintaHYPOTHESISbiologyEcologycontext-dependent predationLEAF BEETLEMIMICRYbiology.organism_classificationBiological EvolutionsaalistusPOLYMORPHISMfrequency-dependent selectionSympatric speciationPredatory BehaviorTRADE-OFFSexual selection1181 Ecology evolutionary biologyThe American Naturalist
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The role of lipid metabolism in the acquisition of desiccation tolerance inCraterostigma plantagineum: a comparative approach

2013

Summary Dehydration leads to different physiological and biochemical responses in plants. We analysed the lipid composition and the expression of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis in the desiccation-tolerant plant Craterostigma plantagineum. A comparative approach was carried out with Lindernia brevidens (desiccation tolerant) and two desiccation-sensitive species, Lindernia subracemosa and Arabidopsis thaliana. In C. plantagineum the total lipid content remained constant while the lipid composition underwent major changes during desiccation. The most prominent change was the removal of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) from the thylakoids. Analysis of molecular species composition rev…

ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.speciesArabidopsisResurrection plantPlant ScienceBiologyDesiccation tolerancechemistry.chemical_compoundStress PhysiologicalTandem Mass SpectrometryLipid biosynthesisGeneticsDesiccationDiacylglycerol kinasePhospholipase Dved/biologyGalactolipidsHydrolysisLipid metabolismCell BiologyPhosphatidic acidLipid MetabolismchemistryBiochemistryCraterostigmaEmbryophytalipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)DesiccationThe Plant Journal
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The extent of empirical evidence that could inform evidence-based design of programming languages : a systematic mapping study

2014

vertailuevidence-based paradigmefficacysystematic mapping studykehittäminennäyttöön perustuvat käytännötohjelmointikieletthematic synthesissuunnitteluresearch methodsprogramming languagesempiirinen tutkimusohjelmointikirjallisuuskatsauksetprogramming language design
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CVB3 VP1 interacts with MAT1 to inhibit cell proliferation by interfering with Cdk-activating kinase complex activity in CVB3-induced acute pancreati…

2021

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) belongs to the genus Enterovirus of the family Picornaviridae and can cause acute acinar pancreatitis in adults. However, the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis underlying CVB3-induced acute pancreatitis have remained unclear. In this study, we discovered that CVB3 capsid protein VP1 inhibited pancreatic cell proliferation and exerted strong cytopathic effects on HPAC cells. Through yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, and confocal microscopy, we show that Menage a trois 1 (MAT1), a subunit of the Cdk-Activating Kinase (CAK) complex involved in cell proliferation and transcription, is a novel interaction protein with CVB3 VP1. Moreover, CVB3 VP1 inhibited MAT…

virusesCultured tumor cellsSynthesis PhaseCell Cycle ProteinsBiochemistryCell Cycle and Cell DivisionBiology (General)PhosphorylationPost-Translational ModificationCyclin0303 health sciencesbiologyKinaseChemistry030302 biochemistry & molecular biologyRetinoblastoma proteinvirus diseasesCell DifferentiationTransfectionCyclin-Dependent KinasesCell biologyEnterovirus B HumanCell ProcessesPhosphorylationCell linesBiological culturesResearch ArticleQH301-705.5Protein subunitImmunologyCoxsackievirus InfectionsTransfectionResearch and Analysis MethodsMicrobiology03 medical and health sciencesVirologyCyclinsGeneticsHumansHeLa cellsMolecular Biology TechniquesMolecular Biology030304 developmental biologyCell ProliferationCell growthG1 PhaseBiology and Life SciencesProteinsCell Cycle CheckpointsCell BiologyRC581-607Cell culturesPancreatitisbiology.proteinParasitologyCapsid ProteinsImmunologic diseases. AllergyCyclin-dependent kinase 7Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-Activating KinaseTranscription FactorsPLoS pathogens
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The mechanism of retro-cue effect in visual working memory : Cognitive phase separation

2020

Retro-cue effect (RCE) refers to the phenomenon that individuals can use retro-cues to improve their visual working memory (VWM) performance of target items after memory stimuli disappear. To explain the mechanism of RCE in VWM, five different hypotheses have been proposed by previous studies: the hypothesis of enhancing target representations, the hypothesis of forgetting non-target representations, the hypothesis of preventing memory degradation, the hypothesis of preventing interference from probe array and the hypothesis of cognitive phase separation. Although RCE has been repeatedly observed in previous studies, the mechanism of RCE remains unclear. In this study, we conducted three ex…

visual working memoryretro-cue effectcognitive phase separation hypothesiskognitiivinen psykologianäkömuistiinternal attentiontyömuistirecall task
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Water in stereoselective organocatalytic reactions

2009

In this review, recent advances in asymmetric organocatalytic reactions carried out with variable amounts of water, from substoichiometric to a large excess (reaction medium), are discussed. We also summarize several proposed mechanisms for the different possibilities of the action of water both in the increased activity of the catalyst and in the asymmetric induction. Finally, the application of this catalytic methodology to the enantioselective synthesis of valuable compounds through enamine or iminium catalysis is presented.

waterEnantioselective synthesisIminiumGeneral ChemistryAsymmetric inductionEnamineCatalysischemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryAldol reactionDiels–Alder reactionMichael additionMichael reactionMannich reactionOrganic chemistryaldol reactionorganic catalysiMannich reaction
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