Search results for "things"
showing 10 items of 196 documents
The effects of data collection and observation methods on uncertainty of social networks in wild primates
2020
International audience; In social species, network centralities of group members shape social transmission and other social phenomena. Different factors have been found to influence the measurement of social networks, such as data collection and observation methods. In this study, we collected data on adults and juveniles and examined the effect of data collection method (ad libitum sampling vs. focal animal sampling) and observation method (interaction—grooming; play—vs. association—arm‐length; 2 m; 5 m proximities—) on social networks in wild vervet monkeys. First, we showed using a bootstrapping method, that uncertainty of ad libitum grooming and play matrices were lesser than uncertaint…
The consistency of individual centrality across time and networks in wild vervet monkeys
2021
Previous primate social network studies largely limited their focus to grooming and/or aggression networks, particularly among adult females. In addition, the consistency of individuals' network centrality across time and/or different networks has received little attention, despite this being critical for a global understanding of dynamic social structure. Here, we analyzed the grooming, aggression, and play social networks of a group of 26-28 wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus), including adults and juveniles, over two periods of 6 months. We collected data on grooming, play, and aggression using focal animal sampling with instantaneous recording and ad libitum sampling. We exami…
Security and Privacy in Wireless IoT
2018
The 13 articles in this special section focus on security and privacy in wireless Internet of Things (IoT). IoT is a paradigm that involves networked physical objects with embedded technologies to collect, communicate, sense, and interact with the external environment through wireless or wired connections. With rapid advancements in IoT technology, the number of IoT devices is expected to surpass 50 billion by 2020, which has also drawn the attention of attackers who seek to exploit the merits of this new technology for their own benefits. There are many potential security and privacy threats to IoT, such as attacks against IoT systems and unauthorized access to private information of end u…
Experimental trade-offs between different strategies for multihop communications evaluated over real deployments of wireless sensor network for envir…
2018
Although much work has been done since wireless sensor networks appeared, there is not a great deal of information available on real deployments that incorporate basic features associated with these networks, in particular multihop routing and long lifetimes features. In this article, an environmental monitoring application (Internet of Things oriented) is described, where temperature and relative humidity samples are taken by each mote at a rate of 2 samples/min and sent to a sink using multihop routing. Our goal is to analyse the different strategies to gather the information from the different motes in this context. The trade-offs between ‘sending always’ and ‘buffering locally’ approac…
5G IoT system for real-time psycho-acoustic soundscape monitoring in smart cities
2020
In Next-Generation Technologies, the monitoring of environmental noise nuisance in the Smart City should be as efficient as possible. 5G IoT systems offer a great opportunity to offload the node calculation, as they provide a number of new concepts for dynamic computing that previous technologies did not offer. In this case, a complete 5G IoT system for psycho-acoustic monitoring has been implemented using different options to offload the calculation of the parameters to different parts of the system. This offloading has been implemented by directly computing the metrics in the node (as a Raspberry Pi), and in a ESP32 device (FiPy) and by sampling the audio and sending it to the EDGE in the…
Industry 4.0 Technologies for Manufacturing Sustainability: A Systematic Review and Future Research Directions
2021
Recent developments in manufacturing processes and automation have led to the new industrial revolution termed “Industry 4.0”. Industry 4.0 can be considered as a broad domain which includes: data management, manufacturing competitiveness, production processes and efficiency. The term Industry 4.0 includes a variety of key enabling technologies i.e., cyber physical systems, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, big data analytics and digital twins which can be considered as the major contributors to automated and digital manufacturing environments. Sustainability can be considered as the core of business strategy which is highlighted in the United Nations (UN) Sustainability 2030 age…
Industry 4.0: smart test bench for shipbuilding industry
2020
AbstractIndustry 4.0 promises to increase the efficiency of production plants and the quality of the final product. Consequently, companies that implement advanced solutions in production systems will have a competitive advantage in the future. The principles of Industry 4.0 can also be applied to shipyards to transform them into “smart shipyards” (Shipyard 4.0). The aim of this research is to implement an interactive approach by Internet of Things on a closed power-loop test bench equipped with sophisticated sensors that is specifically designed to test high-power thrusters before they are installed on high-speed crafts, which are used in passenger transport. The preliminary results of the…
Predictive pumping based on sensor data and weather forecast
2019
In energy production, peat extraction has a significant role in Finland. However, protection of nature has become more and more important globally. How do we solve this conflict of interests respecting both views? In peat production, one important phase is to drain peat bog so that peat production becomes available. This means that we have control over how we can lead water away from peat bog to nature without water contamination with solid and other harmful substances. In this paper we describe a novel method how fouling of water bodies from peat bog can be controlled more efficiently by using weather forecast to predict rainfall and thus, minimize the effluents to nature. peerReviewed
Towards Shipping 4.0. A preliminary gap analysis
2020
Abstract The paradigm of Industry 4.0 involves a substantial innovation to the value creation approach thought the supply chain and the application of digital enabling technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data Analytics (BDA) and cloud computing. The fourth industrial revolution is thus expected to have a disruptive impact on maritime transport and shipping sectors, where smart ships and autonomous vessels well be part of a new and fully interconnected maritime ecosystem. Specific hardware components, such as sensors, actuators, or processors will be embedded in the ship’s key systems in order to provide valuable information to increase the efficiency, sustainability and safe…
Finding Software Bugs in Embedded Devices
2021
AbstractThe goal of this chapter is to introduce the reader to the domain of bug discovery in embedded systems which are at the core of the Internet of Things. Embedded software has a number of particularities which makes it slightly different to general purpose software. In particular, embedded devices are more exposed to software attacks but have lower defense levels and are often left unattended. At the same time, analyzing their security is more difficult because they are very “opaque”, while the execution of custom and embedded software is often entangled with the hardware and peripherals. These differences have an impact on our ability to find software bugs in such systems. This chapt…