Search results for "thione"
showing 10 items of 865 documents
Effects of Mancozeb and Metribuzin on in vitro proliferative responses and oxidative stress of human and rat spleen lymphocytes stimulated by mitogens
2011
Pesticides have been shown to possess marked immunotropic activity. The aim of this work was to study the in vitro effects of different concentrations (1-100 µM) of Mancozeb (fungicide) and Metribuzin (herbicide), on the proliferative responses of human and rat spleen lymphocytes stimulated by concanavalin A (ConA, mitogen), the Th1- (IL-2, INFγ) and Th2- (IL-4) cytokine secretion and on the intracellular oxidative status. The results showed that Mancozeb significantly reduced ConA lymphocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in both humans and rats. It also decreased IL-2, INFγ and IL-4 secretion with a a shift away to Th1 phenotype. Metribuzin at low concentrations (1-10 µM) result…
Effect of different antioxidants in experimental alcoholic optic neuropathy
2008
Purpose To establish the possible beneficial effects of three synthetic antioxidants: S-adenosil-L-methionine (SAMe), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and Ebselen in optic nerve damage following chronic ethanol feeding in adult rats. Methods Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats (five groups of four animals each) were fed a liquid, ethanol-containing diet with littermates given isocaloric amounts of ethanol-free diet serving as controls. Antioxidants were administered by dissolving them in the liquid diet at 0.4 mg/ml (SAMe), 0.163 mg/ml (NAC) and 5.33 mg/ml (Ebselen). After 6 weeks, optic nerves were obtained and parameters that are relevant for the modulation of oxidative stress, such as antioxidants …
Elevated Expression of Liver γ-Cystathionase Is Required for the Maintenance of Lactation in Rats
1999
Liver gamma-cystathionase activity increases in rats during lactation; its inhibition due to propargylglycine is followed by a significant decrease in lactation. This is reversible by N-acetylcysteine administration. To study the role of liver gamma-cystathionase and the intertissue flux of glutathione during lactation, we used lactating and virgin rats fed liquid diets. Virgin rats were divided into two groups as follows: one group was fed daily a diet containing the same amount of protein that was consumed the previous day by lactating rats (high protein diet-fed rats); the other virgin group was fed the normal liquid diet (control). The expression and activity of liver gamma-cystathionas…
Weaning induces NOS-2 expression through NF-κB modulation in the lactating mammary gland: importance of GSH
2005
Zaragozá, R; Miralles, VJ; Rus, AD; García, C; Carmena, R; García-Trevijano, ER; Barber, T; Pallardó, FV; Torres, L; Viña, JR. At the end of lactation the mammary gland undergoes involution, a process characterized by apoptosis of secretory cells and tissue remodelling. To gain insight into this process, we analysed the gene expression profile by oligonucleotide microarrays during lactation and after forced weaning. Up-regulation of inflammatory mediators and acute-phase response genes during weaning was found. Expression of IκBα (inhibitory κBα), a protein known to modulate NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) nuclear translocation, was significantly up-regulated. On the other hand, there was a time-…
L-cysteine and glutathione metabolism are impaired in premature infants due to cystathionase deficiency.
1995
There are conflicting reports in the literature as to whether L-cysteine is an essential amino acid in premature infants as the result of the absence of hepatic cystathionase activity. To analyze the physiological importance of the cystathionase deficiency, we studied sulfur amino acid metabolism in human neonates of different gestational ages. Plasma cystathionine concentrations are higher in premature infants < or = 32 wk gestation (group 1) than in premature infants of 33-36 wk gestational age (group 2) or in full-term infants (group 3), whereas plasma cysteine concentrations are much lower in group 1 and 2 premature infants than in mature infants. Furthermore, erythrocytes from group 1 …
Comparative cytoprotective effects of carbocysteine and fluticasone propionate in cigarette smoke extract-stimulated bronchial epithelial cells
2013
Cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) induce oxidative stress, an important feature in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and oxidative stress contributes to the poor clinical efficacy of corticosteroids in COPD patients. Carbocysteine, an antioxidant and mucolytic agent, is effec- tive in reducing the severity and the rate of exacerbations in COPD patients. The effects of carbocysteine on CSE-induced oxidative stress in bronchial epithelial cells as well as the comparison of these antioxidant effects of carbocysteine with those of fluticasone propionate are unknown. The present study was aimed to assess the effects of carbocysteine (10−4 M) in cell survival and intracellular reactive o…
Effect of oral glutathione on hepatic glutathione levels in rats and mice
1989
Administration of oral glutathione (GSH) increases hepatic GSH levels in fasted rats, in mice treated with GSH depletors such as diethyl maleate and in mice treated with high doses of paracetamol. An increase in hepatic GSH levels after administration of oral GSH does not occur in animals treated with buthionine sulphoximine, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. Administration of oral GSH leads to an increase in the concentration of l-cysteine, a precursor of GSH, in portal blood plasma. Oral administration of l-methionine produced a significant decrease of hepatic ATP in fasted rats, but not in fed rats. Administration ofN−acetylcysteine or GSH did not affect the hepatic ATP levels. The results …
Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Human Gastric Carcinoma: 8-Oxo-7'8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) as a Possible Tumor Marker
2013
We characterized the oxidative stress (OS) status by the levels of reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), malondialdehyde (MDA) and the mutagenic base 8-oxo-7′8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) in human gastric carcinoma (HGC) samples and compared the results with normal tissue from the same patients. We also analyzed 8-oxo-dG in peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNC) and urine from healthy control subjects and in affected patients in the basal state and one, three, six, nine and twelve months after tumor resection. The levels of DNA repair enzyme mRNA expression (hOGG1, RAD51, MUYTH and MTH1) were determined in tumor specimens and compared with normal mucosa. Tumor specimens exhibited i…
Oxidative stress in ciliated nasal epithelial cells from patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia
2016
Background: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare disorder characterized by dysfunction of respiratory cilia and impaired mucociliary clearance leading to recurrent airway infection and chronic inflammation appearing in childhood. Rationale and aims: Chronic inflammation has been associated to oxidative stress (OS). Moreover, evidence of increased OS in the airways of stable children with PCD has been shown (Zihlif, N. et al . Pediatr Pulmonol 2006; 41:509-14). We hypothesize that OS would be increased in ciliated nasal epithelial cells (CNEC) from patients with PCD. This study was aimed to assess the OS profile in CNEC isolated from children with PCD. Methods: CNEC were obtained from …
Role of the gamma-glutamyl cycle in the regulation of amino acid translocation
1989
Amino acid translocation was studied in the mammary gland of lactating rats and in the placenta of pregnant rats. The uptake of amino acids by the mammary gland is maximal on days 10-14 of lactation and is minimal on days 19-21. However, on day 19 maximal uptake can be restored by injection of 1) small amounts of gamma-glutamyl amino acids, 2) 5-oxoproline, and 3) an inhibitor of 5-oxoprolinase. A severe decrease in uptake of amino acids at the peak of lactation is provoked by anthglutin, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT). Simultaneous injection of 5-oxoproline blocks these effects of anthglutin. In pregnant rats, inhibition (79%) of placental GGT activity by acivicin resul…