Search results for "tolerance"

Effects of aerobic exercise and diet intervention on glycaemic control and liver fat content in men and women aged 50–65 years with prediabetes and n…

2016

Abstract Background Prediabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease precede development of type 2 diabetes; however, appropriate lifestyle interventions might help to prevent such progression. We aimed to test whether aerobic exercise training and a high-fibre diet can reduce hepatic fat content and increase insulin sensitivity in individuals with prediabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods We did a randomised controlled trial in seven clinics in Yangpu district, Shanghai, China. We recruited individuals aged 50–65 years with impaired fasting glucose (5·6–6·9 mmol/L) or impaired glucose tolerance (2 h glucose 7·8–11·0 mmol/L) and diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.…

Physical therapy in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A systematic review.

2014

About 50% of patients with heart failure (HF) have preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) which is especially common in elderly people with highly prevalent co-morbid conditions. HFpEF is usually defined as an ejection fraction equal to or greater than 50%, although some studies have used a limit as low as 40%. The prevalence of this syndrome is expected to increase over the next decades. The associated impact on mortality and hospital readmissions has made of this entity a major public health issue. Despite the fact that mortality and re-hospitalisation rates of HFpEF are similar to the syndrome of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), currently there is no available evidence-based thera…

Cross-country skiing and the risk of acute myocardial infarction: A prospective cohort study

2019

Progression criteria in loading exercise programmes in lower limb tendinopathy: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019

IntroductionLower limb tendinopathies have high rates of incidence and prevalence. Their symptomatology affects the functional capacity of people to exercise and work, being an important cause of economic and social burden. The evidence from the last decades points to therapeutic exercise as the first-line treatment in tendinopathies due to its good short-term and long-term clinical outcomes. However, there is no consensus about how the load progression should be managed throughout the therapeutic exercise programmes.Methods and analysisThis systematic review will be conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The present p…

NEW INTERPRETATION OF ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE

1964

Effects of Fasting and Glucose Load on Free Cortisol Responses to Stress and Nicotine1

1997

The availability of energy appears to exert important regulatory functions in pituitary-adrenal stress responses. In two studies, the effects of short-term fasting and subsequent glucose administration on the free cortisol response to psychological stress and nicotine consumption were investigated. Study 1: After fasting for 8-11 h, healthy young men ingested either 100 g glucose (n = 13) or water (n = 12). One hour later they were exposed to a psychosocial stress task (Trier Social Stress Test). A third group also ingested 100 g glucose, but they were not exposed to any additional treatment (n = 10). Capillary blood glucose levels were in the lower euglycemic range before and significantly…

Diabetes Secondary to Acromegaly: Physiopathology, Clinical Features and Effects of Treatment.

2018

Acromegaly is a rare disease due to chronic GH excess and to the consequent increase in IGF-1 levels. Both GH and IGF-1 play a role in intermediate metabolism affecting glucose homeostasis. Indeed, chronic GH excess impairs insulin sensitivity, increases gluconeogenesis, reduces the glucose uptake in adipose tissue and muscle and alters pancreatic β cells function. As a consequence, glucose metabolism alterations are a very frequent complication in acromegaly patients, further contributing to the increased cardiovascular risk and mortality. Treatment modalities of acromegaly differently impact on glucose tolerance. Successful surgical treatment of acromegaly ameliorates glucose metabolism a…

Distinct subsets of regulatory T cells during pregnancy: is the imbalance of these subsets involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia?

2008

Abstract Regulatory T cells (CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + -Treg cells) are important regulators of tolerance induction during pregnancy. We now found that the number of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + -Treg cells decreases during normal course of pregnancy and even more so in women affected by preeclampsia. The functional activity of these CD4 + CD25 + -Treg cells was significantly reduced in comparison to those of healthy pregnants. Further analysis revealed two Treg subsets that differed with regard to the FoxP3 and CD25 expression. The percentage of both, CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 high+ -Treg and CD4 + CD25 high+ FoxP3 + , was maximal in the first and second trimenon, but declined severely in the third trimenon. …

Individual Differences in Auditory, Pain, and Motor Stimulation

2007

Abstract. Augmenting/reducing is a personality dimension related to the processing of sensory stimuli. Augmenters are assumed to augment the impact of stimuli leading to stimulation-avoidant behavior and lower pain tolerance. Reducers are assumed to attenuate sensory stimuli leading to stimulation-seeking behavior and higher pain tolerance. Augmenting/reducing can be assessed by the method of evoked potentials or - as in this study - by questionnaire. Two studies were conducted to examine associations between augmenting/reducing as assessed by questionnaire and stimulus intensity modulation. Study 1 found reducers (n = 24, 12 females) to more frequently consume psychoactive substances and …

Non-Hemodynamic Effects of Organic Nitrates and the Distinctive Characteristics of Pentaerithrityl Tetranitrate

2009

Organic nitrates are among the oldest and yet most commonly employed drugs in the long-term therapy of coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure. While they have long been used in clinical practice, our understanding of their mechanism of action and side effects remains incomplete. For instance, recent findings provide evidence of previously unanticipated, non-hemodynamic properties that include potentially beneficial mechanisms (such as the induction of a protective phenotype that mimics ischemic preconditioning), but also toxic effects (such as endothelial and autonomic dysfunction, rebound angina, tolerance). To date, the most commonly employed organic nitrates are isosorbide …