Search results for "tolerance"

Does the “Silver Bullet” Lose its Shine Over the Time? Assessment of Loss of Lithium Response in a Preliminary Sample of Bipolar Disorder Outpatients.

2016

Background:Though often perceived as a “silver bullet” treatment for bipolar disorder (BD), lithium has seldom reported to lose its efficacy over the time.Objective:The aim of the present study was to assess cases of refractoriness toward restarted lithium in BD patients who failed to preserve maintenance.Method:Treatment trajectories associated with re-instituted lithium following loss of achieved lithium-based maintenance in BD were retrospectively reviewed for 37 BD-I patients (median age 52 years; F:M=17:20 or 46% of the total) over an 8.1-month period on average.Results:In our sample only 4 cases (roughly 11% of the total, of whom F:M=2:2) developed refractoriness towards lithium after…

Self-reported reasons for on-duty sleepiness among commercial airline pilots

2021

Experimental and epidemiological research has shown that human sleepiness is determined especially by the circadian and homeostatic processes. The present field study examined which work-related factors airline pilots perceive as causing on-duty sleepiness during short-haul and long-haul flights. In addition, the association between the perceived reasons for sleepiness and actual sleepiness levels was examined, as well as the association between reporting inadequate sleep causing sleepiness and actual sleep-wake history. The study sample consisted of 29 long-haul (LH) pilots, 28 short-haul (SH) pilots, and 29 mixed fleet pilots (flying both SH and LH flights), each of whom participated in a…

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity: literature review.

2014

A significant percentage of the general population report problems caused by wheat and/or gluten ingestion, even though they do not have celiac disease (CD) or wheat allergy (WA), because they test negative both for CD-specific serology and histopathology and for immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated assays. Most patients report both gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal symptoms, and all report improvement of symptoms on a gluten-free diet. This clinical condition has been named non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS).We attempt to define the current pathogenic, clinical, and diagnostic criteria of this "new" disease, to provide a practical view that might be useful to evaluate, diagnose, and ma…

Food allergy in irritable bowel syndrome: The case of non-celiac wheat sensitivity

2015

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders, having a prevalence of 12%-30% in the general population. Most patients with IBS attribute their symptoms to adverse food reactions. We review the role of diet in the pathogenesis of IBS and the importance of dietary factors in the management of these patients. The MEDLINE electronic database (1966 to Jan 2015) was searched using the following keywords: "food", "diet", "food allergy", "food hypersensitivity", "food intolerance", "IBS", "epidemiology", "pathogenesis", "pathophysiology", "diagnosis", "treatment". We found 153 eligible papers; 80 were excluded because: not written in English, exclusive biochem…

Statin intolerance: new data and further options for treatment

2021

Purpose of review Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Administration of statins represents the cornerstone of the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, with demonstrated long-term safety and efficacy. This review aims to revisit statin intolerance mechanisms, as well as to discuss new data and therapeutic options. Recent findings Although statins are well tolerated, myopathy and other adverse effects are a challenging problem, being the main reason for poor adherence to treatment and failure in lowering cardiovascular risk. Statin intolerance is the subject of ongoing research, as these drugs are widely used. There are alternative options o…

Prevalence Of Statin Intolerance In A Cohort Of Outpatients In A Lipid Clinic

2019

Opioid tolerance and dependence -- do they matter?

2004

The use of opioids has long been accepted as the standard of care in patients with cancer and acute pain. Opioids can further be used effectively in specific subgroups of patients with chronic nonmalignant pain states. While the development of tolerance and physical dependence are known effects of opioids in cancer and noncancer pain populations, these patients can not be regarded as addicted. However, long-term therapy with short-acting opioids predisposes to tolerance and addiction. Recent research has confirmed the important role of psychopathologic and psychosocial conditions as predictors of failed opioid effectiveness in a significant number of noncancer pain subgroups. The clinical p…

Dental considerations for the patient with renal disease

2011

Chronic renal disease (CRD) is the renal disease that manifests oral consequences most frequently, and it is defined as a progressive and irreversible decline in renal function associated with a reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The most frequent causes of CRD are diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and glomerulonephritis. CRD is classified in 5 stages – from kidney damage with normal or increased GFR to renal failure. In order to quantify the CRD, renal function is measured using the GFR, which is estimated using creatinine clearance (CC). This CC is used for dose adjustment of drugs. In dental practice, the function of the kidneys can be measured indirectly through plasmatic …

Responses to self and non-self intestinal microflora in health and inflammatory bowel disease.

1997

PROMOTION OF INTRATHYMIC T-CELL DEVELOPMENT BY MHC-Ia-POSITIVE THYMIC MACROPHAGES (Ia + Mø)

1985

The generation of the peripheral T-cell pool is attributed to maturation and differentiation events occurring within the thymus. Three thymic compartments, thymic epithelial cells, thymic hormons and thymic Mo are considered to contribute to the intrathymic T-cell development. While, as we have shown earlier, murine as well as human MHC-Ia-negative-Mo (Ia−Mo) regulate thymocyte (TH) differentiation via suppressive effects (Thymus,6:295,1984) and MHC-Ia+-Mo are involved in intrathymic tolerance induction (Pediatr Res,15:800, 1984), now the contribution of Ia+Mo to intrathymic lymphopoiesis was investigated. An isolation method yielding cell suspensions highly enriched for Ia+ thymic Mo was p…