Search results for "toner"

Involvement of 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-HT3 serotonergic receptors in the acquisition and reinstatement of the conditioned place preference induced by M…

2013

Some MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) users develop dependence as a result of chronic consumption. The present study evaluated the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-HT₃ receptors in the acquisition, expression and reinstatement of the conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by MDMA. Adolescent male mice were conditioned with 10 mg/kg of MDMA and then treated with 1 or 3mg/kg of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-HT₃ antagonist MDL72222 during acquisition of conditioning (experiment 1), before expression of CPP in a post-conditioning test (experiment 2) or before a reinstatement test (experiment 3). MDL72222 was devoid of motivational effects but blocked acquisition of the MDMA-induced CPP. Mo…

Patterns of response to serotonergic antidepressants

2000

The existence of FGFR1-5-HT1A receptor heterocomplexes in midbrain 5-HT neurons of the rat: relevance for neuroplasticity.

2012

The ascending midbrain 5-HT neurons to the forebrain may be dysregulated in depression and have a reduced trophic support. Within situproximity ligation assay (PLA) and supported by coimmunoprecipitation and colocation of the FGFR1 and 5-HT1A immunoreactivities in the midbrain raphe cells, evidence for the existence of FGFR1–5-HT1A receptor heterocomplexes in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei of the Sprague Dawley rat as well as in the rat medullary raphe RN33B cells has been obtained. Especially after combined FGF-2 and 8-OH-DPAT treatment, a marked and significant increase in PLA clusters was found in the RN33B cells. Similar results were reached with the FRET technique in HEK293T cells,…

Central Serotonin2C Receptor: From Physiology to Pathology

2006

Since the 1950s, when serotonin (5-HT) was discovered in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), an enormous amount of experimental evidence has revealed the pivotal role of this biogenic amine in a number of cognitive and behavioural functions. Although 5-HT is synthesized by a small group of neurons within the raphe nuclei of the brain stem, almost all parts of the CNS receive serotonergic projections. Furthermore, the importance of 5-HT modulation and the fine-tuning of its action is underlined by the large number of 5-HT binding sites found in the CNS. Hitherto, up to 15 different 5-HT receptors subtypes have been identified. This review was undertaken to summarize the work that has…

Serotoninergic innervation of nonprincipal cells in the cerebral cortex of the lizard Podarcis hispanica.

2004

The mechanism of serotoninergic transmission in the neo- and archicortex of mammals kis complex, including both synaptic and nonsynaptic components, direct actions on principal cells, and indirect effects mediated by GABAergic interneurons. Here we studied the termination pattern and synaptic organization of the serotoninergic afferents in the cerebral cortex of the lizard, Podarcis hispanica, which is considered to correspond in part to the mammalian hippocampal formation, with the aim of unraveling basic, phylogenetically preserved rules in the connectivity of this pathway. We demonstrate that serotoninergic afferents, visualized by immunostaining for serotonin itself, establish multiple …

Altered host behaviour and brain serotonergic activity caused by acanthocephalans: evidence for specificity

2006

Manipulative parasites can alter the phenotype of intermediate hosts in various ways. However, it is unclear whether such changes are just by-products of infection or adaptive and enhance transmission to the final host. Here, we show that the alteration of serotonergic activity is functionally linked to the alteration of specific behaviour in the amphipodGammarus pulexinfected with acanthocephalan parasites.Pomphorhynchus laevisand, to a lesser extent,Pomphorhynchus tereticollisaltered phototactism, but not geotactism, inG. pulex, whereas the reverse was true forPolymorphus minutus. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) injected to uninfectedG. pulexmimicked the altered phototactism, but ha…

Modulatory effects of the serotonergic and histaminergic systems on reaction to light in the crustacean Gammarus pulex

2013

Serotonin modulates reaction to light in many animals. In the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex, exogenous administration of serotonin induces a transient reversal of photic behaviour from strong photophobia to photophily. We have elucidated further the neuromodulation of photic behaviour in G. pulex by using in vivo pharmacology and behavioural testing. Using several mammalian 5-HT receptor antagonists and agonists, we provide evidence for a role of serotonin receptors in the 5-HT-dependent regulation of G. pulex photic behaviour, possibly involving 5-HTR2 subtype. Serotonin-induced photophily was blocked by the 5-HT receptor antagonists, mianserin, cyproheptadine, and ritanserin, but not…

Antidepressants are functional antagonists at the serotonin type 3 (5-HT3) receptor

2003

Antidepressants are commonly supposed to enhance serotonergic and/or noradrenergic neurotransmission by inhibition of neurotransmitter reuptake through binding to the respective neurotransmitter transporters or through inhibition of the monoamine oxidase. Using the concentration-clamp technique and measurements of intracellular Ca2+, we demonstrate that different classes of antidepressants act as functional antagonists at the human 5-HT3A receptor stably expressed in HEK 293 cells and at endogenous 5-HT3 receptors of rat hippocampal neurons and N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells. The tricyclic antidepressants desipramine, imipramine, and trimipramine, the serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine, t…

Effect of family structure and TPH2 G-703T on the stability of dysregulation profile throughout adolescence

2015

Abstract Background Two different polymorphisms (TPH2 G-703T and 5-HTTLPR) involved in the serotonergic pathway have been reported to play a role, both alone and in interaction with the environment, in early and adult emotion regulation. As most of these studies are cross-sectional, we know little about the impact of these polymorphisms over time, particularly during adolescence. Methods Because we were interested in the effects of these polymorphisms and environment (i.e., family structure) at different time-points on the emotional dysregulation profile, we performed a path analysis model in a general adolescent population sample of a five-year follow-up study. Results We found a high stab…

Synthesis and Characterization of New Bivalent Agents as Melatonin- and Histamine H3-Ligands

2014

Melatonin is an endogenous molecule involved in many pathophysiological processes. In addition to the control of circadian rhythms, its antioxidant and neuroprotective properties have been widely described. Thus far, different bivalent compounds composed by a melatonin molecule linked to another neuroprotective agent were synthesized and tested for their ability to block neurodegenerative processes in vitro and in vivo. To identify a novel class of potential neuroprotective compounds, we prepared a series of bivalent ligands, in which a prototypic melatonergic ligand is connected to an imidazole-based H3 receptor antagonist through a flexible linker. Four imidazolyl-alkyloxy-anilinoethylami…