Search results for "toxin"
showing 10 items of 1434 documents
Mecanismos de acción citotóxica producidos por la esterigmatocistina en las células sh-sy5y de neuroblastoma humano
2021
En la presente Tesis Doctoral se ha llevado a cabo la evaluación in vitro de los efectos producidos por la micotoxina esterigmatocistina (STE) en células de mamífero. El conocimiento de los efectos tóxicos y exposición a dicha micotoxina permite una mejor caracterización de los riesgos de la población. Se ha evaluado la citotoxicidad individual de la STE en células de neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) y de carcinoma hepatocelular humano (HepG2), mostrando valores de IC50 únicamente en las células SH-SY5Y. Debido a que la exposición simultánea o secuencial a múltiples micotoxinas podría dar lugar a efectos adversos sobre la salud del consumidor, se ha evaluado la citotoxicidad combinada de la STE con …
Estudio de las bases de la resistencia a las proteínas insecticidas de bacillus thuringiensis en ostrinia nubilalis
2013
Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) es una de las plagas más devastadoras de los cultivos de maíz de Europa y Norte América, y a nivel económico la obtención de un control eficaz de esta plaga es un logro fundamental. En 1996, se permitió la comercialización de las plantas transgénicas que llevan insertado en el genoma un gen procedente de Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) (Bt) y que codifica para una proteína insecticida de las que esta bacteria produce en forma de cristales paraesporales (proteínas Cry). A partir de esta fecha, la adopción de los cultivos de maíz Bt que expresan en concreto la toxina Cry1Ab ha ido aumentando progresivamente en todo el mundo, con el resultado de que las pérdidas e…
Exposure assessment of mycotoxins in food and biological samples through high resolution mass spectrometry-based strategies
2022
Las micotoxinas son metabolitos secundarios tóxicos producidos por varios géneros de hongos y que se encuentran frecuentemente en productos alimenticios. La ingestión de micotoxinas puede provocar la aparición de un amplio abanico de efectos perjudiciales para la salud. Con el objetivo de reducir el impacto sanitario debido a la ingesta de productos contaminados por micotoxinas, la Comisión Europea estableció la Regulación No 1881/2006, donde se fijan límites máximos para ciertas micotoxinas en varias tipologías de productos alimenticios. Como herramienta complementaria, el Panel de Contaminantes en la Cadena Alimentaria (CONTAM Panel) han propuesto valores de ingesta diaria tolerable, que …
Bioaccesibility of Cylindrospermopsin from cooked fish muscle after the application of an in vitro digestion model and its bioavailability.
2017
Humans can be exposed to cyanotoxins through the ingestion of contaminated water, food or beverages. In the present work, the bioaccesibility of Cylindrospermopsin (CYN), one of the most relevant cyanotoxins, was evaluated in a pure CYN solution and cooked CYN-contaminated fish muscles (20 μg/mL). An in vitro digestion model including the salivar, gastric, duodenal and colonic phases was performed, being each fraction analyzed by HPLC-MS-MS to evaluate CYN degradation. Moreover, Caco-2/TC7 cells were exposed to the digested duodenal and colonic phases to elucidate the final bioavailability of CYN in an approximation to the real human exposure scenario. The results revealed that CYN bioacces…
Non-Botrytis grape-rotting fungi responsible for earthy and moldy off-flavors and mycotoxins
2012
Abstract The grape microflora is complex and includes filamentous fungi, yeasts and bacteria with different physiological characteristics and effects on wine production. Most studies have focused on the wine microbiota, but a few studies have reported the ecology of grape microorganisms. Some of these organisms — such as non-Botrytis bunch rotting fungi, which greatly influence the safety or sensory quality of wine, due to the production of mycotoxins and off-flavors, respectively — are considered to be spoilage agents. We review here the diversity of filamentous fungi on grapes and the factors influencing their development, such as grape ripening stage, environmental factors (climate, rain…
Different sample treatment approaches for the analysis of T-2 and HT-2 toxins from oats-based media.
2010
A LC-DAD method is proposed for the determination of the T-2 and HT-2 toxins in cultures of Fusarium langsethiae in oat-based and other in vitro media. Test media consisted of freshly prepared milled oats to which T-2 and HT-2 toxin stock solutions were added. Different mixtures of extraction solvent (acetonitrile:water and methanol water), extraction times (30', 60' or 90') and drying methods were investigated. Results showed that extraction with methanol: water (80:20, v/v) for 90 min, drying with N-2 and subsequent analysis by LC-DAD was the fastest and most user friendly method for detecting HT-2 and T-2 toxins production by F. langsethiae strains grown on oat-based media at levels of 0…
The potential of HPP for minimizing pesticides and toxins in food products
2020
Abstract High-pressure (HP) treatment has emerged as a novel, additive-free food preservation technology. It has been scientifically and commercially proven that HP can produce microbially safe and stable products with improved quality characteristics such as enhanced flavor and color. Recent studies have focused on the effects of HP on health attributes and allergenic potential of foodstuff to develop the next generation of convenience foods. The contamination of produced food in various conditions along the production chain always is the point of concern. In this context, food safety is among the main health concerns worldwide on the occurrence of food contaminants such as heavy metals, h…
Mycotoxins in dried fruits. Decontamination procedures = Micotoxinas en frutas desecadas. Medidas de descontaminación
2014
A sensitive and reliable multi-mycotoxin method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 16 mycotoxins in dried fruits using liquid chromatography (LC) combined with electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole tandem-mass spectrometry. Mycotoxins have been extracted from the samples using a modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) procedure. In an effort to enforce the knowledge on mycotoxin occurrence and co-occurrence in dates and dried fruits, 228 samples purchased from Tunisian and Spanish markets were subjected to multi-mycotoxin liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of 16 mycotoxins. At least one mycotoxin was detect…
Data from: Predators’ consumption of unpalatable prey does not vary as a function of bitter taste perception
2019
Many prey species contain defensive chemicals that are described as tasting bitter. Bitter taste perception is therefore assumed to be important when predators are learning about prey defenses. However, it is not known how individuals differ in their response to bitter taste, and how this influences their foraging decisions. We conducted taste perception assays in which wild-caught great tits (Parus major) were given water with increasing concentrations of bitter-tasting chloroquine diphosphate until they showed an aversive response to bitter taste. This response threshold was found to vary considerably among individuals, ranging from chloroquine concentrations of 0.01 mmol/l to 8 mmol/l. W…
Research data supporting "Social information use about novel aposematic prey is not influenced by a predator’s previous experience with toxins"
2019
This data is from the experiment investigating social avoidance learning in wild-caught great tits, conducted at Konnevesi Research Station in Central Finland during winter 2017. Sheet 1 (���main data���) contains data from the main avoidance learning experiment, including individual attributes (sex, age, weight etc.), experimental treatments and individuals��� foraging choices in the learning trials. Sheet 2 (���preference test���) contains data from the initial preference test of the symbols that were used in the experiment, and Sheet 3 (���visibility test���) data from the initial visibility test of the same symbols.