Search results for "toxin"
showing 10 items of 1434 documents
Activation of astroglial phospholipase D activity by phorbol ester involves ARF and Rho proteins.
2000
Primary cultures of rat cortical astrocytes express phospholipase D (PLD) isoforms 1 and 2 as determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. Basal PLD activity was strongly (10-fold) increased by 4beta-phorbol-12beta,13alpha-dibutyrate (PDB) (EC(50): 56 nM), an effect which was inhibited by Ro 31-8220 (0.1-1 microM), an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), and by brefeldin A (10-100 microg/ml), an inhibitor of ADP-ribosylating factor (ARF) activation. Pretreatment of the cultures with Clostridium difficile toxin B-10463 (0.1-1 ng/ml), which inactivates small G proteins of the Rho family, led to a breakdown of the astroglial cytoskeleton; concomitantly, PLD activation by PDB was reduced by up to 50%…
Metabotropic glutamate receptors activate phospholipase D in astrocytes through a protein kinase C-dependent and Rho-independent pathway.
2003
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are G protein-coupled receptors that mediate phospholipase D (PLD) activation in brain, but the mechanism underlying this response remains unclear. Here we used primary cultures of astrocytes as a cell model to explore the mechanism that links mGluRs to PLD. Glutamate activated both phospholipase C (PLC) and PLD with equal potency and this effect was mimicked by L-cysteinesulfinic acid, a putative neurotransmitter previously shown to activate mGluRs coupled to PLD, but not PLC, in adult brain. PLD activation by glutamate was dependent on Ca(2+) mobilization and fully blocked by both protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors and PKC down-regulation, suggesti…
Inhibition of Protein Isoprenylation Impairs Rho-Regulated Early Cellular Response to Genotoxic Stress
2000
Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) are early cellular responses to genotoxic stress involved in the regulation of gene expression. Pretreatment of cells with the hydroxymethyl glutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor lovastatin blocked stimulation of JNK1 activity by UV irradiation and by treatment with the alkylating compound methyl methanesulfonate but did not affect activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 by UV light. Lovastatin also attenuated UV-induced degradation of the NF-kappaB inhibitor IkappaBalpha. The effects of lovastatin on UV-triggered stimulation of JNK1 as well as on IkappaBalpha degradation were reverted by cotreatmen…
Natural co-occurrence of Ochratoxin A, Ochratoxin B and Aflatoxins in sicilian red wines
2014
Potential effects of transgenic cotton on soil ecosystem processes in Vietnam.
2008
This chapter concentrates on the potential effects of transgenic cotton on the soil ecosystem of three major cotton growing areas in Vietnam: the coastal lowlands region, the central highlands (eastern and western Truong Son Mountain Range) and the south-eastern region. Soils in these three regions are very different, so it will be necessary to assess the effects of transgenic cotton on typical soils from all three regions. The soils in the south-eastern region are Luvisols, Andosols and Acrisols. In the central highlands, the soils are mainly Luvisols, Rhodic Ferrasols and Haplic Acrisols. The soils in the coastal lowlands region are mainly delta soils, consolidated occasionally by grey li…
Genetic relationship between clinical and environmental Vibrio cholerae isolates in Tanzania: A comparison using repetitive extragenic palindromic (R…
2015
The bacterium causing cholera, Vibrio cholerae, is a marine organism and coastal waters are important reservoirs of the organism. There are more than 200 serogroups of V. cholerae, of which serogroups O1 and O139 are known to be the causative agent of the cholera. The main virulent factor in V. cholerae is cholera toxin gene (ctx) that is found from the epidemic O1 and O139 strains, but may also be found in some strains other than O1 and O139 (non-O1 and non-O139). In this study, 48 V. cholerae strains isolated from three estuaries of Tanzania and 20 stool isolates were characterized in terms of their serogroups and possession of ctx gene and then compared using two PCR based fingerprinting…
Człowiek jako „żywy chodzący wychodek”, czyli o konieczności usuwania wewnętrznych brudów
2012
Obtención de nutrientes y compuestos bioactivos a partir de biomasa marina y evaluación de la toxicidad con bioensayos = Nutrients and bioactive comp…
2023
Esta Tesis Doctoral se centra en primer lugar en la utilización de la fermentación con bacterias ácido-lácticas aisladas de pescado para la obtención de compuestos antioxidantes y antifúngicos a partir de subproductos de pescado. Se identificaron ácidos fenólicos como el ácido DL-3-fenil-láctico y el ácido benzoico tras fermentar caldos elaborados con carne de pescado y subproductos durante diferentes tratamientos. Los extractos obtenidos de la fermentación de subproductos de pescado por bacterias aisladas del colon y del estómago mostraron la mejor actividad antioxidante. Además, demostraron actividad antifúngica frente a diferentes cepas de hongos de los géneros Penicillium, Aspergillus y…
Evaluación de la presencia de micotoxinas en alimentos y piensos y su mitigación culinaria
2017
En la presente Tesis Doctoral se han desarrollado y validado diferentes procedimientos analíticos para determinar la presencia de micotoxinas clásicas y emergentes en alimentos de origen vegetal y animal. La metodología empleada varía según la matriz y las micotoxinas a determinar y ha sido validada de acuerdo a la normativa europea con resultados satisfactorios en cuanto a linealidad, exactitud, precisión y límites de detección y cuantificación. Por lo que respecta a la presencia de micotoxinas en alimentos de origen vegetal, destacan los elevados contenidos de eniatinas y beauvericina detectados en frutos secos y frutas desecadas. En las materias primas empleadas en la elaboración de pien…
Análisis y evaluación del riesgo de micotoxinas en café
2016
La población en general espera tener una alimentación cada vez más sana y segura, con alimentos nutritivos y asequibles. Desafortunadamente, antes durante y después de la cosecha, las materias primas y los productos procesados están sometidos a la contaminación por microorganismos y hongos y, en consecuencia, por sus metabolitos secundarios, las micotoxinas. El café es uno de estos productos. La presente tesis doctoral aborda nuevas técnicas analíticas para desvelar los contenidos de estas micotoxinas en café, y evalúa el “riesgo” que representa un producto tan fuertemente instaurado en la alimentación de numerosas sociedades a lo largo de todo el mundo. Entre las diferentes metodologías an…