Search results for "trampling"
showing 6 items of 16 documents
The Impact of Human Recreational Activities in Marine Protected Areas: What Lessons Should Be Learnt in the Mediterranean Sea?
2002
. The aesthetic appeal of marine reserves and the facilities provided, together with the increased public awareness of nature, all contribute to creating massive tourism in MPAs. Human activities are being changed inside MPAs in two ways: humans as top predators are generally being removed, but in turn they could come back at great numbers as visitors. Many authors have studied the impact of visitors, and the results highlight that the consequences can be very substantial and may represent a severe threat to the overall diversity of marine communities. To date, the documented effects of human recreational activities on natural communities are restricted to assessing the consequences of tram…
Short-term effect of human trampling on the upper infralittoral macroalgae of Ustica Island MPA (western Mediterranean, Italy)
2002
The short-term response of Mediterranean upper infralittoral macroalgal species to experimental human trampling was investigated. Disturbances of six different intensities were applied within the integral reserve of the Ustica Island marine protected area (Italy, Mediterranean Sea). The dominant macroalgal species Cystoseira brachicarpa v. balearica and Dictyota mediterranea were strongly affected by human trampling. Higher levels of disturbance significantly affected both algal percentage cover and canopy at an increasing rate. Three months after trampling, for both variables it was highlighted that the algal recovery from disturbance was incomplete, being significantly different among tra…
Testing heterogeneity in faunal assemblages from archaeological sites. Tumbling and trampling experiments at the early-Middle Pleistocene site of Ges…
2010
Abstract The current paper reports an experimental case study to test the heterogeneity of faunal assemblages from the Early-Middle Pleistocene Layers V-5 and V-6 of the Gesher Benot Ya’aqov Acheulian site (Israel). Tumbling and trampling experiments were initiated to gain qualitative insight into processes of bone modification and to assess the timing of the biostratonomic chronology, as it was assumed that both mechanisms were responsible for the formation of striations documented on the bone surfaces from the site. The tumbling experiments mimicked sediment movement in a calm lacustrine shoreline environment whereas the trampling experiments investigate the role of animal/hominin activit…
The Use of Analysis of Weather Types to Complete the Studies of Soil Erosion in Vineyards and Abandoned Areas
2019
This presentation aims to quantify water and soil losses due to rainfall and specific soil management practices in combination with an analysis of which kind of weather type and rainfall event is able to cause specific surface flows and soil loss rates. As study area, we used the specific case of the sloping vineyards of the Montes de Malaga (South Spain). Two different plots were used: one cultivated area and poorly managed abandoned one. The in situ measures were conducted using sediment collectors to estimate sediment yield (g m−1) and surface runoff (L m−1) and an analysis of the weather conditions during each rainfall event using different meteorological sources. The weather types that…
Organic matter dynamics and aggregation in soils under rain forest and pastures of increasing age in the eastern Amazon Basin
1997
Abstract In the eastern Amazon basin, four neighbouring clayey Oxisols with similar particle-size distributions were selected, one under rain forest and three under pasture for 7, 12 and 17 years, respectively. These soils were sampled at depth intervals of 0.1 m down to 1 m. Although no clear effect of pasture establishment on aggregate stability was assessed, significant negative effects of cattle trampling on porosity and water retention and of vegetation change on clay water-dispersion were observed in the organic-rich horizons (0–0.40 m layers). Indirect evidence of a great change of the nature of organic materials was also suggested, particularly with (i) an increase in both negative …
Bryophyte diversity in semi-natural grasslands : the effects of habitat quantity and quality
2015
Edeltäneiden vuosisatojen maatalouskäytännöt loivat elinympäristöjä, joihin tänä päivänä viitataan perinnebiotooppeina. Siirtymä moderniin maatalouteen on muiden maankäytön muutosten ohella vähentänyt näitä biologisesti, kulttuurisesti ja sosiaalisesti arvokkaita elinympäristöjä murto-osaan entisestä. Perinnebiotoopeille tyypillinen avoimuus, vähäravinteisuus ja säännölliset häiriöt tekevät niistä biologisesti monimuotoisia elinympäristöjä. Perinnebiotooppien pinta-alan pienenemisen ja pirstoutumisen seurauksena on ollut useiden lajien uhanalaistuminen. Jäljellä olevien perinnebiotooppien laatua uhkaa etenkin hoidon riittämättömyys. Sammalet ovat kooltaan pieniä ja ekologialtaan riippuvaisi…