Search results for "turnover"

Turnover and availability of soil organic carbon under different Mediterranean land-uses as estimated by 13C natural abundance

2013

Summary Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important factor in ecosystem stability and productivity. This is especially the case for Mediterranean soils suffering from the impact of humans and degradation as well as harsh climatic conditions. We used the carbon (C) exchange resulting from C3-C4 and C4-C3 vegetation change under field conditions combined with incubations under controlled conditions to evaluate the turnover and availability of soil organic C under different land-uses. The 40-year succession of Hyparrenia hirta L. (C4 photosynthesis) after more than 85 years of olive (Olea europaea L.) tree (C3 photosynthesis) growth led to the exchange of 54% of soil organic C from C3 to C4 form…

TREATMENT WITH DAILY SUBCUTANEOUS TERIPARATIDE (1-34) COMPARED WITH DAILY SUBCUTANEOUS PARATHYROID HORMONE (1-84) IN WOMEN WITH SEVERE POSTMENOPAUSAL…

2008

Validation of a method to measure total spontaneous physical activity of sedentary and voluntary running mice

2014

Running wheels are commonly used to stimulate physical activity of mice. To control the effects of physical activity on study results, it is important to measure the total activity (all movements) of both sedentary and running wheel stimulated mice.Because there was a lack of a validated system, we built a force-plate based system specifically for this purpose. The validity of the system and its variables (activity index, activity time and distance) were tested in calibration measurements and in situ by measuring the activity of eight mice both with and without running wheels. Four mice served as sedentary controls. Activity index adds changes in vertical reaction forces induced by moving m…

Genome wide studies of mRNA synthesis and degradation in eukaryotes

2012

In recent years, the use of genome-wide technologies has revolutionized the study of eukaryotic transcription producing results for thousands of genes at every step of mRNA life. The statistical analyses of the results for a single condition, different conditions, different transcription stages, or even between different techniques, is outlining a totally new landscape of the eukaryotic transcription process. Although most studies have been conducted in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model cell, others have also focused on higher eukaryotes, which can also be comparatively analyzed. The picture which emerges is that transcription is a more variable process than initially suspected,…

2021

Physical activity is considered a promising preventive intervention to reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the positive effect of therapeutic administration of physical activity has not been proven conclusively yet, likely due to confounding factors such as varying activity regimens and life or disease stages. To examine the impact of different routines of physical activity in the early disease stages, we subjected young 5xFAD and wild-type mice to 1-day (acute) and 30-day (chronic) voluntary wheel running and compared them with age-matched sedentary controls. We observed a significant increase in brain lactate levels in acutely trained 5xFAD mice relative to al…

Introducing theoretical approaches to work-life balance and testing a new typology among professionals

2010

Clark (2000) defines work-family balance as “satisfaction and good functioning at work and at home, with a minimum of role conflict” (p. 751). In this chapter, we examine how professionals have succeeded in achieving work-life balance in their lives. First, we examine classic and current approaches to multiple roles and then introduce a typology of work-life balance based on the synthesis of the presented theoretical foundation. We propose four types of work-life balance; beneficial, harmful, active, and passive. The employees belonging to each type are expected to differ qualitatively from each other in relation to psychological functioning and role engagement.

Participation and compensation claims in voluntary forest conservation: A case of privately owned forests in Finland

2009

Abstract A new market-based voluntary programme aimed at preserving forest habitats on private land has been implemented in Finland. This scheme is based on conservation by fixed-term agreements between forest owners and a governmental authority. In this study we examine the characteristics of forest owners and their properties that indicate the owners' willingness to participate in the programme. In addition, we analyse factors affecting the real compensation claims. The study uses a dual set of data from the pilot project, i.e. one data set supplied by the authority and another collected from the owners involved in the project. The results suggest that to increase the participation rate, …

Species immigration, extinction and turnover of vascular plants in boreal lakes

1999

Dictated by limited resource availability for land acquisition, a central question in conservation biology is the ability of areas of different size to maintain species diversity. The selected reserves should not only be species rich at the moment, but should also maintain species diversity in the long run. We used two sets of data on vascular plant species in boreal lakes collected in 1933/34 and 1996 to test the relationships between lake area and the extinction, immigration and turnover rates of the species. Moreover, we investigated, whether the number of species in 1933/34 or water connection between lakes was related to extinction, immigration and turnover rates of species. We found t…

Psychological Contract Violation or Basic Need Frustration? Psychological Mechanisms Behind the Effects of Workplace Bullying

2021

Workplace bullying is a phenomenon that can have serious detrimental effects on health, work-related attitudes, and the behavior of the target. Particularly, workplace bullying exposure has been linked to lower level of general well-being, job satisfaction, vigor, and performance and higher level of burnout, workplace deviance, and turnover intentions. However, the psychological mechanisms behind these relations are still not well-understood. Drawing on psychological contract and self-determination theory (SDT), we hypothesized that perceptions of contract violation and the frustration of basic needs mediate the relationship between workplace bullying exposure and well-being, attitudinal, a…

The prospective effects of work–family conflict and enrichment on job exhaustion and turnover intentions: comparing long-term temporary vs. permanent…

2015

This study investigated work–family conflict (WFC) and enrichment (WFE) in relation to job exhaustion and turnover intentions among long-term temporary (n = 384) and permanent (n = 430) workers. We used three-wave data collected among Finnish university employees in 3 consecutive years. The participants were either permanently or temporarily employed for the whole 3-year period. The results showed that permanent employees reported both higher WFC and WFE during the follow-ups than temporary employees. Temporary workers reported higher job exhaustion and turnover intentions compared to permanent workers. Job contract functioned as a moderator: high WFC showed a prospective effect on increase…