Search results for "type"

TSH/IGF-1 Receptor Cross Talk in Graves' Ophthalmopathy Pathogenesis.

2016

AbstractContext:The TSH receptor (TSHR) is considered the main target of stimulatory autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO); however, it has been suggested that stimulatory IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) autoantibodies also play a role.Objective:We previously demonstrated that a monoclonal stimulatory TSHR antibody, M22, activates TSHR/IGF-1R cross talk in orbital fibroblasts/preadipocytes obtained from patients with GO (GO fibroblasts [GOFs]). We show that cross talk between TSHR and IGF-1R, not direct IGF-1R activation, is involved in the mediation of GO pathogenesis stimulated by Graves' autoantibodies.Design/Setting/Participants:Immunoglobulins were purified from the…

Effects of a ketogenic diet in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

2019

Abstract Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women during reproductive age. It is characterised clinically by oligo-ovulation or anovulation, hyper-androgenism, and the presence of polycystic ovaries. It is associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The onset of PCOS has been associated to several hereditary and environmental factors, but insulin resistance plays a key pathogenetic role. We sought to investigate the effects of a ketogenic diet (KD) on women of childbearing age with a diagnosis of PCOS. Methods Fourteen overweight women with diagnosis of PCOS underwent to a ketoge…

2017

AbstractThe development of a successful lineage reprogramming strategy of liver to pancreas holds promises for the treatment and potential cure of diabetes. The liver is an ideal tissue source for generating pancreatic cells, because of its close developmental origin with the pancreas and its regenerative ability. Yet, the molecular bases of hepatic and pancreatic cellular plasticity are still poorly understood. Here, we report that the TALE homeoprotein TGIF2 acts as a developmental regulator of the pancreas versus liver fate decision and is sufficient to elicit liver-to-pancreas fate conversion both ex vivo and in vivo. Hepatocytes expressing Tgif2 undergo extensive transcriptional remode…

Participation of Heme Oxygenase-1 in a Model of Acute Inflammation

2003

In this study, the role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the inflammatory response elicited by zymosan in the mouse air pouch model has been examined. This response is characterized by a time-dependent increase in HO-1 expression in the leukocytes migrating into the exudates. At 24–48 h maximal HO-1 expression was accompanied by reduced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS-2) expression as well as low levels of inflammatory mediators. Hemin administration into the air pouch caused an elevation of HO-1 protein and bilirubin levels induced by zymosan with inhibition of COX-2 expression. In mouse peritoneal macrophages from hemin-injected mice, we also observed an increased …

Roles of Vascular Oxidative Stress and Nitric Oxide in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis.

2017

Major reactive oxygen species (ROS)–producing systems in vascular wall include NADPH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase, xanthine oxidase, the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase. ROS at moderate concentrations have important signaling roles under physiological conditions. Excessive or sustained ROS production, however, when exceeding the available antioxidant defense systems, leads to oxidative stress. Animal studies have provided compelling evidence demonstrating the roles of vascular oxidative stress and NO in atherosclerosis. All established cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemi…

Long-Term Aspartame Administration Leads to Fibrosis, Inflammasome Activation, and Gluconeogenesis Impairment in the Liver of Mice

2021

Background: Aspartame is an artificial sweetener used in foods and beverages worldwide. However, it is linked to oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver damage through mechanisms that are not fully elucidated yet. This work aimed to investigate the effects of long-term administration of aspartame on the oxidative and inflammatory mechanisms associated with liver fibrosis progression in mice. Methods: Mice were divided into two groups with six animals each: control and aspartame. Aspartame (80 mg/kg, via oral) or vehicle was administrated for 12 weeks. Results: Aspartame caused liver damage and elevated serum transaminase levels. Aspartame also generated liver fibrosis, as evidenced by his…

Renal Oncocytomas (Typical and Atypical Variants): A Pathologic, Immunohistochemical, Morphometric, and Flow Cytometric Differential Study of 14 Case…

1996

Eight conventional and six atypical oncocytomas in a series of 147 renal neoplasms were studied. Histopathologic findings revealed exclusively oncocytic cells, but cellular polymorphism was higher in the atypical tumors. Atypical oncocytomas presented focal necrosis, transcapsular invasion, or both. Electron microscopy showed similar findings in all cases. Immunohistochemistry of atypical oncocytomas had higher expression against proliferating cell nuclear antigen and more discontinuous immunostaining against laminin than typical ones. Flow cytometry revealed one or two aneuploid peaks in five typical and two atypical cases, although the latter had a higher proliferative fraction than typi…

ISL1 is a major susceptibility gene for classic bladder exstrophy and a regulator of urinary tract development

2017

AbstractPreviously genome-wide association methods in patients with classic bladder exstrophy (CBE) found association with ISL1, a master control gene expressed in pericloacal mesenchyme. This study sought to further explore the genetics in a larger set of patients following-up on the most promising genomic regions previously reported. Genotypes of 12 markers obtained from 268 CBE patients of Australian, British, German Italian, Spanish and Swedish origin and 1,354 ethnically matched controls and from 92 CBE case-parent trios from North America were analysed. Only marker rs6874700 at the ISL1 locus showed association (p = 2.22 × 10−08). A meta-analysis of rs6874700 of our previous and prese…

Role of Thr399Ile and Asp299Gly polymorphisms of toll-like receptor-4 gene in acute dental abscess

2017

Background Apical Periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease that affects the tissues surrounding the root end of a tooth. The disease which is caused by endodontic infections presents in different clinical ways including development of an acute abscess. Recent studies have provided information suggesting role of a multitude of factors in pathogenesis of acute apical abscess (AAA). In this case-control study, our goal was to evaluate the frequency and potential role of two common polymorphisms of toll like receptor-4 (TLR-4) gene; Thr399Ile (1196 C>T) and Asp299Gly (+896 A>G), in 50 patients with AAA as cases and 50 patients with asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP) as controls. Mater…

NT-3 protein levels are enhanced in the hippocampus of PRG1-deficient mice but remain unchanged in PRG1/LPA2 double mutants

2015

The plasticity-related gene 1 (PRG1) modulates bioactive lipids at the postsynaptic density and is a novel player in neuronal plasticity and regulation of glutamatergic transmission at principal neurons. PRG1, a neuronal molecule, is highly expressed during development and regeneration processes at the postsynaptic density, modulates synaptic lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) levels and is related to epilepsy and brain injury. In the present study, we analyzed the interaction between the synaptic molecules PRG1 and LPA2R with other plasticity-related molecules the neurotrophins. The protein levels of NGF, BDNF and NT-3 were measured using ELISA in hippocampal tissue of homozygous (PRG(-/-)) and h…