Search results for "types"
showing 10 items of 956 documents
Species cohesion despite extreme inbreeding in a social spider.
2011
Colonial social spiders experience extreme inbreeding and highly restricted gene flow between colonies; processes that question the genetic cohesion of geographically separated populations and which could imply multiple origins from predecessors with limited gene flow. We analysed species cohesion and the potential for long-distance dispersal in the social spider Stegodyphus dumicola by studying colony structure in eastern South Africa and the cohesion between this population and Namibian populations previously published. Data from both areas were (re)analysed for historic demographic parameters. Eastern South African S. dumicola were closely related to an east Namibian lineage, showing coh…
Pragmatiniai predikatinių bendraties konstrukcijų aspektai latvių kalboje
2020
Šio straipsnio tikslas – ištirti pragmatinius predikatinės bendraties konstrukcijos latvių kalboje aspektus ir įrodyti, kad šios konstrukcijos turi specifinius pragmatinius ženklus. Priešingai nei tokie pragmatiniai ženklai kaip dalelytės, jungtukai, prieveiksmiai ar prozodija, predikatinės bendraties konstrukcijos latvių kalboje pragmatiškai funkcionuoja kaip atskiras vienetas, t. y., struktūrinis funkcionalumas kyla iš sąsajos, o ne iš atskirų leksinių ar gramatinių elementų. Šios konstrukcijos latvių kalboje žymi marginalinį modalumą, o jų vartojimas yra susijęs su neutraliais, pažymėtais kalbos registrais. Taigi straipsnyje pagrindinis dėmesys skiriamas modalinėms ir laikinoms reikšmėms…
Crisis y creación. Las ambivalentes relaciones germano-españolas en la producción cinematográfica de la primera mitad del siglo veinte
1970
Las épocas de crisis político-social propician en especial medida la creación y el afianzamiento de determinados auto y heteroestereotipos. Esta afirmación resulta concluyente cuando se analiza cómo las distintas fases políticas de España a lo largo de la historia han condicionado de manera definitiva su imagen en el extranjero, en especial en Alemania. Las imágenes y estereotipos románticos creados a partir de la Guerra de la Independencia (1808-1814) sirvieron durante la primera mitad del siglo veinte de instrumento de manipulación propagandística que debía contribuir a ensalzar la ejemplaridad del aliado español. Este artificio político, que buscaba la simpatía ideológica con el sistema …
Splendeur et décadence: la représentation de la société et de la ville dans Une liaison parisienne de Marie-Claire Blais
2011
En Une liaison parisienne (1975), Marie-Claire Blais sitúa la acción en Paris, una ciudad idealizada por Mathieu Lelièvre, un joven quebequense que viaja a Francia. Su recorrido por la capital francesa permite caracterizar dicha ciudad y los personajes que viven en ella. A través de la evocación del espacio, esta novela cuestiona los estereotipos tradicionales, la identidad nacional francesa y pone en evidencia la hipocresía y las injusticias que caracterizan la sociedad parisina. En este estudio observaremos cómo el espacio urbano se convierte en el reflejo de la decadencia de toda una élite social. La novela subraya, sin embargo, la existencia de una Francia diferente, humilde y amable, q…
Linkage disequilibria between mtDNA haplotypes and chromosomal arrangements in a natural population of Drosophila subobscura
2001
The association between mtDNA haplotypes and chromosomal arrangements in a natural population of Drosophila subobscura from Calvia (Balearic Islands, Spain) was studied in order to search for linkage disequilibria, in an attempt to explain the populational dynamics of the mtDNA haplotypes of this species in nature. The presence of Wolbachia was not detected. Two main haplotypes (I and II) were found, as well as a series of less common ones. The Tajima D-test seemed to indicate some kind of seasonal population bottleneck. An analysis of linkage disequilibrium and factorial analysis of correspondences detected an association between haplotype I and the J(ST) inversion and haplotype II and the…
Association of ADHD with genetic variants in the 5'-region of the dopamine transporter gene: evidence for allelic heterogeneity.
2008
Contains fulltext : 69953.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Multiple studies have reported an association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the 10-repeat allele of a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1). Yet, recent meta-analyses of available data find little or no evidence for this association; although there is strong evidence for heterogeneity between datasets. This pattern of findings could arise for several reasons including the presence of relatively rare risk alleles on common haplotype backgrounds or the functional interaction of two or more loci within the g…
Accounting for haplotype phase uncertainty in linkage disequilibrium estimation
2007
The characterization of linkage disequilibrium (LD) is applied in a variety of studies including the identification of molecular determinants of the local recombination rate, the migration and population history of populations, and the role of positive selection in adaptation. LD suffers from the phase uncertainty of the haplotypes used in its calculation, which reflects limitations of the algorithms used for haplotype estimation. We introduce a LD calculation method, which deals with phase uncertainty by weighting all possible haplotype pairs according to their estimated probabilities as evaluated by PHASE. In contrast to the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm as implemented in the HA…
Genetic signature consistent with selection against the CYP3A4*1B allele in non-African populations.
2005
Cytochrome P450 3A enzymes (CYP3A) play a major role in the metabolism of steroid hormones, drugs and other chemicals, including many carcinogens. The individually variable CYP3A expression, which remains mostly unexplained, has been suggested to affect clinical phenotypes. We investigated the CYP3A locus in five ethnic groups. The degree of linkage disequilibrium (LD) differed among ethnic groups, but the most common alleles of the conserved LD regions were remarkably similar. Non-African haplotypes are few; for example, only four haplotypes account for 80% of common European Caucasian alleles. Large LD blocks of high frequencies were suggestive of selection. Accordingly, European Caucasia…
Immune-mediated change in the expression of a sexual trait predicts offspring survival in the wild.
2011
9 pages; International audience; BACKGROUND: The "good genes" theory of sexual selection postulates that females choose mates that will improve their offspring's fitness through the inheritance of paternal genes. In spite of the attention that this hypothesis has given rise to, the empirical evidence remains sparse, mostly because of the difficulties of controlling for the many environmental factors that may covary with both the paternal phenotype and offspring fitness. Here, we tested the hypothesis that offspring sired by males of a preferred phenotype should have better survival in an endangered bird, the houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata undulata). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We…
Neuronal activity triggers uptake of hematopoietic extracellular vesicles in vivo
2019
Communication with the hematopoietic system is a vital component of regulating brain function in health and disease. Traditionally, the major routes considered for this neuroimmune communication are by individual molecules such as cytokines carried by blood, by neural transmission, or, in more severe pathologies, by the entry of peripheral immune cells into the brain. In addition, functional mRNA from peripheral blood can be directly transferred to neurons via extracellular vesicles (EVs), but the parameters that determine their uptake are unknown. Using varied animal models that stimulate neuronal activity by peripheral inflammation, optogenetics, and selective proteasome inhibition of dop…