Search results for "tyre"
showing 10 items of 586 documents
Observing or participating in regime change? Kyrgyz perspectives on the role of international election observation missions in 2005
2006
- This report offers an in-dept analysis of the role of international election observation missions in during the political upheavals in Kyrgyzstan in 2005. It presents the work of three leading, young academics from Kyrgyzstan. The report forms part of the ‘NUPI Network for Election Observation and Exchange’. This is project that is supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The starting point for the assessments presented here is the realisation that international election observer missions played a central part in the events that eventually lead to the toppling of President Askar Akaev’s administration in march 2005. Kyrgyzstan is also a case that highlights the immense chal…
The battle for Azerbaijan : Azeri Perspectives on the Observation of the 2005 Parliamentary Elections and the Post-Election Period
2006
- This report seeks to highlight the role of international observer missions of the 9 November 2005 parliamentary election in Azerbaijan. It also presents in-depth assessments of the pre- and post-election situation in the country. The six articles that are presented in the volume have been produced by leading scholars or development practitioners in Azerbaijan. The report forms part of the ‘Network for Election Observation and Exchange’. This is project that is supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Synthesis, Optical and Electrical Properties of Oligo(phenylenevinylene)s Substituted with Electron-Accepting Sulfonyl Groups
2010
Oligo(phenylenevinylene)s (OPV) composed of five rings and electron donating or withdrawing sulfonyl substituents on the central and lateral rings have been investigated. Two strategies were used for the syntheses of the C2-symmetrical OPVs both include PO-activated olefinations as central steps. Six flexible side chains guarantee good solubility in toluene or dichloromethane. In solution and in films stabilised by polystyrene (60%), the chromophores are strongly fluorescent, with emissions in the violet-blue domain from solutions and in the green to orange region from solid films. The redox potentials, determined by cyclic voltammetry, and the optical properties are strongly depending on t…
Catalytic and anticancer activities of sawhorse-type diruthenium tetracarbonyl complexes derived from fluorinated fatty acids
2013
The reaction of fluorinated fatty acids, perfluorobutyric acid (C3F7CO2H), and perfluorododecanoic acid (C11F23CO2H), with dodecacarbonyltriruthenium (Ru3(CO)12) under reflux in tetrahydrofuran, followed by addition of two-electron donors (L) such as pyridine, 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.1]decane, or triphenylphosphine, gives stable diruthenium complexes Ru2(CO)4(μ2-η2-O2CC3F7)2(L)2 (1a, L = C5H5N; 1b, L = PTA; 1c, L = PPh3) and Ru2(CO)4(μ2-η2-O2CC11F23)2(L)2 (2a, L = C5H5N; 2b, L = PTA; 2c, L = PPh3). The catalytic activity of the complexes for hydrogenation of styrene under supercritical carbon dioxide has been assessed and compared to the analogous triphenylphosphine complexes w…
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of polyelectrolyte multilayer modified gold electrodes: influence of supporting electrolyte and temperature.
2005
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry are employed to characterize poly(styrenesulfonate)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) multilayers assembled onto cysteamine-modified gold surfaces. The influence of the supporting electrolyte and temperature on the impedance response is studied because of both its practical interest and the need to test further the capillary membrane model recently developed by Barreira et al. [J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 17973]. The results obtained are interpreted quite satisfactorily in terms of this model, thus providing additional support to its usefulness for the description of ionic transport through polyelectrolyte multilayers. It is observe…
Temperature dependence of surface reorganization characteristics of amphiphilic block copolymer in air and in water studied by scanning force microsc…
2015
We have investigated the surface reorganization characteristics of a novel amphiphilic diblock copolymer, poly(acetic acid-2-(2-(4-vinyl-phenoxy)-ethoxy)-ethylester)-block-polystyrene (PAEES-b-PS), in response to varying interfaces from air to water and vice-versa at various temperatures. The surface reorganization characteristics of the block copolymer films was monitored by scanning force microscopy, in order to delineate the kinetically controlled morphological process of surface reorganization of a diblock copolymer, with a particular emphasis on the phase contrast signal which allowed the determination of local composition patterns of PAEES-b-PS at the surface. Upon heating a water-an…
Sustainable Mobility in Park Areas: The Potential Offered by Guided Transport Systems
2012
The project choices to design and manage a transport infrastructure system are extremely hard in thinly populated areas like, for instance, protected areas and mostly parks. In actual fact, the need for promotion and development of these areas, often characterized by large surfaces, contrasts with the necessity to preserve their inestimable natural value. The transportation demand in extremely sensible environmental contexts can be satisfied by providing incentives to use reduced-impact means of transport, regulating adequately the vehicle traffic flow and promoting the intermodality between private and public transport systems. Apart from performing their own traditional functions, these s…
Evaluation of thermodynamic parameters for blends of polyethersulfone and poly(methyl methacrylate) or polystyrene in dimethylformamide
1998
Liquid-liquid phase separation phenomena have been investigated for a ternary system containing two polymers and a solvent. Namely, dimethylformamide (DMF)/polyethersulfone (PES)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and DMF/PES/Polystyrene (PS). The composition of the three components in the two phases in equilibrium has been determined by size exclusion chromatographic (s.e.c.) analysis. The lattice-based mean-field theory, first developed by Flory and Huggins, has been modified to adequately describe these systems. In this respect, we have assumed that the parameters depend on the polymer concentration, and we have included a ternary parameter. The phase equilibrium compositions have been use…
Thermodynamics of pseudo-ternary systems as a tool to predict the morphologies of cellulose acetate/polystyrene blends cast from tetrahydrofuran solu…
2003
Abstract The demixing behavior of the ternary system THF/CA/PS (tetrahydrofuran/cellulose acetate/polystyrene) was investigated at 25 °C. Cloud point measurements show that the system exhibits a large miscibility gap caused by the incompatibility of CA and PS. Both ends of the experimentally determined tie lines are located inside the two-phase area of the phase diagram. By means of the measured critical composition of the ternary system and the Flory–Huggins interaction parameters published for two of the binary subsystems ( χ CA/THF =0.442 and χ PS/THF =0.475) the polymer/polymer interaction parameter was adjusted (directly minimizing the Gibbs energy) to χ CA/PS =0.057. These thermodynam…
Recyclable Heterogeneous and Low-Loading Homogeneous Chiral Imidazolidinone Catalysts for α-Alkylation of Aldehydes
2014
Two polystyrene-supported and six homogeneous MacMillan imidazolidinone catalysts were prepared and tested for the asymmetric α-alkylation of propanal with benzodithiolylium tetrafluoroborate. The chiral imidazolidinone was linked to polystyrene through the N-3 atom or through the phenyl ring and their catalytic activity was compared with that of their unsupported precursors. This comparison has allowed us to find an unsupported catalyst that displays high catalytic activity down to 5 or 2 mol % at room temperature with a high level of enantioselectivity also when used with hexanal and 3-phenylpropanal. In addition, one of the heterogeneous materials was revealed to be highly recyclable for…