Search results for "united nations"
showing 10 items of 54 documents
South China Sea or West Philippine Sea?
2017
The South China Sea (“West Philippine Sea”) has been for several years a space of potential conflict between several countries due to overlapping of their EEZs and China’s claim of a large part of this oceanic space, well beyond its UN-endorsed EEZ. The Spratly islets and Scarborough shoal are mere coral reefs, uninhabited for the most part, but they lie in the middle of rich fishing grounds and atop large reserves of petroleum and natural gas. Furthermore, the area is one of the world’s busiest sea lanes for commercial navigation. This chapter presents the general rules of UNCLOS (international laws pertaining to oceanic space), and then examines the competing claims, focusing on the China…
Coastal high-frequency radars in the Mediterranean - Part 2: Applications in support of science priorities and societal needs
2022
The Mediterranean Sea is a prominent climate-change hot spot, with many socioeconomically vital coastal areas being the most vulnerable targets for maritime safety, diverse met-ocean hazards and marine pollution. Providing an unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution at wide coastal areas, high-frequency radars (HFRs) have been steadily gaining recognition as an effective land-based remote sensing technology for continuous monitoring of the surface circulation, increasingly waves and occasionally winds. HFR measurements have boosted the thorough scientific knowledge of coastal processes, also fostering a broad range of applications, which has promoted their integration in coastal ocean …
The Design and Impacts of Individual Sanctions: Evidence From Elites in Côte d’Ivoire and Zimbabwe
2022
Since the 1990s, sanctions senders like the European Union, the United States, and the United Nations have been imposing visa bans and asset freezes on individuals as a key element of their sanctions packages. Notwithstanding the growing centrality that individual sanctions have acquired in international sanctions practice, little is known about the impact of sanctions listings on designees. Some researchers have scrutinised targeting choices, while others have explored the effects of sanctions on designees. However, no study has yet examined the fit between targeting choices and impacts on designees. First, we interrogate the theory of targeted sanctions to identify the expectations that i…
The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment.
2023
The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment. 1. Introduction. 2. The 1972 Stockholm Declaration. 3. The Action Plan for the Human Environment. 3. Consequences of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment.
Purposes and Principles of the United Nations Organization.
2023
Purposes and Principles of the United Nations Organization. 1. Introduction. 2. The Purposes of the United Nations. 3. The Principles of the United Nations.
Bankruptcy and restructuring law in Poland
2019
The aim of this study is to present general description of the bankruptcy and restructuring law in Poland. The insolvency law is of fundamental importance to business transactions and investment security. The law on bankruptcy and entrepreneurs’ restructuring is increasingly perceived as an important factor in encouraging economic development and investment as well as a factor favouring entrepreneurs’ activity and preservation of jobs. Substantive condition of the bankruptcy and restructuring law has a very real impact on the economy.
Monenkeskinen yhteistyö ja minilateralismi käytännössä : tapauksena Somalian rannikon merirosvous
2022
Artikkelissa pohditaan monenkeskisyyden ilmenemistä minilateraalin yhteistyön kautta. Historiallisesti merirosvous on ollut ajoittain ja alueellisesti esiin nouseva ilmiö, joka ponnistaa paikallisista olosuhteista ja erityisesti heikosta hallinnosta maa-alueilla. Merirosvoukseen liittyvä kansainvälinen sopimusyhteistyö painottaa valtioiden suvereniteetin merkitystä omilla aluevesillään. Käytännössä merten turvallisuuden ymmärtäminen laaja-alaisena ilmiönä sekä merirosvouksen tehokas torjuminen on vaatinut ja vaatii myös jatkossa tiivistä valtioiden välistä yhteistyötä, jossa yksittäisen valtion toimintakykyä kompensoidaan yhteistyön keinoin. Artikkelissa kuvataan kansainvälisen yhteisön pyr…
Between idealism and realism: the global governance of nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament
2014
Why has it not yet been possible to bring the nuclear weapons regime to an end and why are prospects about a nuclear weapon free future so bleak? In this thesis, I analyze both the achievements and failures concerning the global governance of nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament. In the first chapter, I outline key terms and concepts as well as the historical backgrounds, which are essential for understanding the proliferation of nuclear weapons and the global governance of nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament. In the second chapter, I examine the efforts on nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament of four global key actors within the United Nations family: the General Assembly, …
Nationalism and Internationalism Reconciled : British Concepts for a New World Order during and after the World Wars
2018
The carnage of World War I gave rise to liberal visions for a new world order with democratized foreign policy and informed international public opinion. Conservatives emphasized continuity in national sovereignty, while socialists focused on the interests of the working class. While British diplomacy in the construction of the League of Nations has been widely discussed, we focus on contemporary uses of nationalism and internationalism in parliamentary and press debates that are more ideological. We also examine how failed internationalist visions influenced uses of these concepts during World War II, supporting alternative organizational solutions, caution with the rhetoric of democracy a…