Search results for "urban studies"
showing 10 items of 240 documents
Modeling transpiration and leaf temperature of urban trees – A case study evaluating the microclimate model ENVI-met against measurement data
2018
Abstract Increasing vegetation cover in cities is a key approach to mitigating urban heat excess. However, both the effect of vegetation on microclimate and the plants’ vitality need to be assessed to support and quantify the effects of such strategies. One way to assess the interactions between vegetation and the urban environment is through microclimate models that can simulate the effects of vegetation onto the urban microclimate as well as effects of urban environments onto vegetation. To provide reliable estimates microclimate models need to be parameterized based on empirically obtained data. In this paper we compare modeled transpiration rates and leaf temperatures of a leading micro…
Methodological frontier in operational analysis for roundabouts: a review
2016
Several studies and researches have shown that modern roundabouts are safe and effective as engineering countermeasures for traffic calming, and they are now widely used worldwide. The increasing use of roundabouts and, more recently, turbo and flower roundabouts, has induced a great variety of experiences in the field of intersection design, traffic safety, and capacity modeling. As for unsignalized intersections, which represent the starting point to extend knowledge about the operational analysis to roundabouts, the general situation in capacity estimation is still characterized by the discussion between gap acceptance models and empirical regression models. However, capacity modeling mu…
Assessment of textile craft products’ creativity in the Latvian competition for pupils
2018
The purpose of the research is to explore the results of pupils’ creative activity in a competition in textile craft in Latvia and to find trends in the creation of textile craft products. The applied method is the analysis of creative work items made by pupils from Forms 6–7 (N1 = 106) and Forms 8–9 (N2 = 132): photos, designs and textile craft products. Among the hand and foot garments, the most popular products in both age groups were fingerless gloves. The knitting technique was used most frequently, and most of the items were wearable. Creativity predominantly manifested in the combinations of colours, techniques and materials, followed by creative technology solutions and creative pro…
Into the world of e-waste: mobility among e-scrappers in Nigeria
2017
AbstractIn the management of e-waste, mobility of e-scrappers plays a pivotal role, especially in e-waste acquisition and sales of extracted materials. This research examines the relationship between e-scrappers and the locations of their work by analysing the influence of environmental and social factors on their mobility behaviour in Nigeria. A qualitative analysis of video material collected from 29 male e-scrappers in Nigeria between 2014 and 2015 reveals that e-waste has inherent properties that intermittently mobilise e-scrappers to search for recyclable and valuable electronic trash. Applying the new mobilities paradigm and the new materialism theory, we present that e-scrappers’ mob…
Evaluating the citywide Edinburgh 20mph speed limit intervention effects on traffic speed and volume: A pre-post observational evaluation.
2021
Objectives Traffic speed is important to public health as it is a major contributory factor to collision risk and casualty severity. 20mph (32km/h) speed limit interventions are an increasingly common approach to address this transport and health challenge, but a more developed evidence base is needed to understand their effects. This study describes the changes in traffic speed and traffic volume in the City of Edinburgh, pre- and 12 months post-implementation of phased city-wide 20mph speed limits from 2016–2018. Methods The City of Edinburgh Council collected speed and volume data across one full week (24 hours a day) pre- and post-20mph speed limits for 66 streets. The pre- and post-sp…
Dealing with spatial data pooled over time in statistical models
2012
Recent developments in spatial econometrics have been devoted to spatio-temporal data and how spatial panel data structure should be modeled. Little effort has been devoted to the way one must deal with spatial data pooled over time. This paper presents the characteristics of spatial data pooled over time and proposes a simple way to take into account unidirectional temporal effect as well as multidirectional spatial effect in the estimation process. An empirical example, using data on 25,357 single family homes sold in Lucas County, OH (USA), between 1993 and 1998 (available in the MatLab library), is used to illustrate the potential of the approach proposed.
Science, politics and image in Valencia: a review of urban discourse in the Spanish City
2003
Abstract In the urban sphere, discourse is fundamental to the social and political construction of urban reality. The urban landscape is, in part, a result of those discourses. It is, as Richard Schein suggests, a discourse materialized. The production of these discourses throughout urban history both represented and constructed urban reality at any given time. For much of history, the written word was central to such discursive representations, literary formulations and even biological metaphors that sought to interpret the city both for local inhabitants and outsiders. Today, the photographic image has usurped the former dominance of the word. This article uses archival research to trace …
The Housing Cycle: What Role for Mortgage Market Development and Housing Finance?
2019
AbstractWe use duration analysis to assess the impact of securitization, mortgage sector liberalization and government involvement in housing finance on the length of housing booms, busts and normal times in a panel of 20 OECD countries over the period 1970Q1-2015Q4. Our results reveal that a move towards a more liberalized mortgage sector is associated with longer housing booms, while an increase in securitization is linked with shorter housing busts. They also show that the length of housing booms and busts is particularly sensitive to housing finance characteristics, but that does not seem to be the case for normal times. Additionally, government support measures do not necessarily cushi…
The Impact of Financial Arrangements and Institutional Form on Housing Prices
2009
Published version of an article from the journal: The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics. Also available on SpringerLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11146-009-9213-z Dwellings in housing cooperatives constitute 15% of the Norwegian housing property market. The price paid for such dwellings consists of two elements: An equity price and a share of the mutual debt held by the cooperative. The interest rate paid on the housing cooperative’s mutual debt is in Norway lower than the interest rate paid on private loans. This gives rise to an interest discount effect . We find convincing empirical support for the interest discount effect, which contributes to a higher equity price for dwel…
Broader impacts of the fare-free public transportation system in Tallinn
2019
In this paper, we focus on the rationale for implementing the fare-free public transportation system (FFPTS) in Tallinn, Estonia, that took place on 1 January 2013. Through a series of interviews w...