Search results for "urbanisation"
showing 10 items of 59 documents
In situ, satellite measurement and model evidence on the dominant regional contribution to fine particulate matter levels in the Paris megacity
2015
International audience; Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 9578 M. Beekmann et al.: Evidence for a dominant regional contribution to fine particulate matter levels Abstract. A detailed characterization of air quality in the megacity of Paris (France) during two 1-month intensive campaigns and from additional 1-year observations revealed that about 70 % of the urban background fine particulate matter (PM) is transported on average into the megacity from upwind regions. This dominant influence of regional sources was confirmed by in situ measurements during short intensive and longer-term campaigns, aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements from E…
Smart City in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
2020
Purpose: More than half of the world's population lives in urban areas. These areas cover only 2% of the earth's surface. 65% of global GDP is produced here, and more than 75% of global greenhouse gases are emitted from this area. This causes huge management problems and requires a transformation of urban life. The reconstruction of a city's functioning methods requires innovative solutions based on digital technologies and cooperation between all stakeholder groups. This article attempts to indicate the relationship and interaction between new urbanisation and the smart city concept and Industry 4.0 technologies. Design/methodology/approach: The article is theoretical and is based on a rev…
Préface de l'ouvrage de Claude Etienne Sissao "Processus d'installation et d'urbanisation en Afrique subsaharienne. Toponymie et gouvernance locale d…
2013
On the emergence of the urban phenomenon. Part I
2001
In this paper we develop a relatively simple but general model describing the formation of urban agglomerations in a pre-industrial setting. Rural agglomeration on a local scale arises from the multiplication and specialization of intermediate goods and labor services, while dispersion is due to the commuting costs of agricultural workers. Urban agglomeration on a more global scale stems from the trade-off between increasing returns to scale and transport costs of goods. We derive a general equilibrium model of the formation of urban structures and show how population growth, strict indivisibilities and structural changes in the production sector can modify quantitatively and qualitatively …
On Sustainable Management in Local Governance of Water: a Prospective Localized Study
2006
In the face of the changes in the planet's natural resources and of their unequal distribution, it is becoming more urgent that contemporary societies oversee environmental assets in a global manner. Although international directives, when they are transposed into national laws, may set specific objectives, meeting them at the local level is as yet an uneven enterprise. Nevertheless we hope to demonstrate, using a case-study involving local tensions over water resources, that public management of the crisis may be developed that effectively involves the civic society, by using the incentives and enforcement tools of central government and of local institutions.
Périurbanisation, ségrégation sociale et accès aux services publics
2008
L'objectif de ce rapport est, d'une part, de mesurer la ségrégation à l'échelle des aires urbaines françaises et de tester l'hypothèse selon laquelle le mouvement de périurbanisation, touchant plus particulièrement les familles de classes moyennes, entraîne une bipolarisation accrue dans les pôles urbains, et, d'autre part, d'évaluer dans quelles mesures l'offre de services publics suivant les mouvements de populations renforce la ségrégation en y ajoutant une dimension supplémentaire en termes d'accessibilité à ceux-ci. Nous avons ainsi pu montrer qu'effectivement la périurbanisation de certaines catégories sociales, les catégories intermédiaires en 1990 et les cadres en 1999, tend à renfo…
Contribution of molecular biology techniques to the knowledge of soil microbial diversity and functions
2012
Depuis le développement de l’industrialisation, de l’urbanisation et de l’agriculture intensive, le sol est de plus en plus soumis à de nombreuses variations des conditions environnementales entraînant des modifications de la diversité taxonomique et de la fonctionnalité des communautés microbiennes indigènes. Par conséquent, la question de la signification fonctionnelle de ces pertes/modifications de biodiversité en termes de capacité des écosystèmes à maintenir les fonctions et services dont l’humanité dépend est aujourd’hui centrale. Dans ce contexte, un des challenges en écologie microbienne est de mieux définir et comprendre les processus qui génèrent et maintiennent la diversité micro…
Un modèle radiocentrique pour l'analyse des espaces ruraux périurbains
1995
Research on periurbanisation’s factors, a phenomenon that has greatly contributed to the demographic growth of French rural areas for the last twenty-five years, leads us to ask about the determinants of residential location in rural areas of people working in a town. In order to answer this question, it is necessary to transpose residential location models usually used at the scale of the town - models which are the basis of the New Urban Economics school - to periurban areas. The area we are interested in is differentiated both from urban and rural areas seen from the agricultural production point of view. But we show that it can be analyzed in the same manner as urban areas. However, thi…
Faire monument / Que faire du monument ? Une interrogation à propos de l'institution patrimoniale de deux villes lorraines
2015
Actes du colloque de Montréal, 16-18 avril 2012; International audience
Vix: The Temptation of the City
2019
International audience; Ancient and modern geographers tend to use three criteria to define cities: a population above 5,000 inhabitants, the presence of a variety of activities, and a network connecting them with other establishments. Plato, Herodotus, Pausanias, and many others had preceded them in attempting to establish a paradigm for the city or polis. The Celtic princely seat on Vix-Mont Lassois is considered a coherent and organised entity, consisting of a quasi-urban space. At Vix, the latest investigations (2016‑2019) have revealed remains that suggest the possibility of harbour installations on the banks of the Seine. The notion of urbanisation or proto-urbanisation has been put f…