Search results for "urinary bladder"

Cellular basis of detrusor smooth muscle contraction

2015

Therapeutic Modulation of Urinary Bladder Function: Multiple Targets at Multiple Levels

2015

Storage dysfunction of the urinary bladder, specifically overactive bladder syndrome, is a condition that occurs frequently in the general population. Historically, pathophysiological and treatment concepts related to overactive bladder have focused on smooth muscle cells. Although these are the central effector, numerous anatomic structures are involved in their regulation, including the urothelium, afferent and efferent nerves, and the central nervous system. Each of these structures involves receptors for—and the urothelium itself also releases—many mediators. Moreover, hypoperfusion, hypertrophy, and fibrosis can affect bladder function. Established treatments such as muscarinic antago…

A 1-year maintenance after early adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy has a limited efficacy in preventing recurrence of intermediate risk non-muscle-i…

2010

Study Type – Therapy (RCT) Level of Evidence 1b OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of 1-year maintenance after a 6-week cycle of early intravesical chemotherapy, as the role of maintenance in intravesical chemotherapy is debated. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between May 2002 and August 2003, 577 patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMI-BC) underwent transurethral resection (TUR) and early intravesical chemotherapy (epirubicin, 80 mg/50 mL). They were randomized between a 6-week induction cycle and the induction cycle plus maintenance with 10 monthly instillations. In all, 95 patients with T1G3, Tis or single and primary Ta–T1 G1–G2 tumours were excluded; 482 patients at intermediate ri…

Prognostic Significance of Histopathological Grading and Immunoreactivity for p53 and p21/WAF1 in Grade 2 pTa Transitional Cell Carcinoma of …

2001

At present, there are no predictors of tumour behaviour for grade (G) 2 pTa transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) of the bladder. Here we analyse the prognostic relevance of histopathological grading and the immunohistochemical detection of p53 and p21/WAF1.70 patients were newly diagnosed with G2 pTa TCC of the bladder based on transurethral resection specimens. Two pathologists, blinded with respect to the clinical outcome, confirmed the initial grade and subclassified the G2 lesions into G2a and G2b carcinomas based on the degree of nuclear atypia and the number of mitoses. Immunoreactivity for p53 and p21/WAF1 was evaluated semiquantitatively.There were 52 G2a and 18 G2b tumours, mean foll…

Prognostic Value of p53, p21/WAF1, Bcl-2, Bax, Bak and Ki-67 Immunoreactivity in pT1 G3 Urothelial Bladder Carcinomas

2001

pT1 G3 bladder carcinomas are heterogeneous with respect to tumor recurrence and progression. Whereas some urologists treat these carcinomas by repeated transurethral resections often followed by intravesical chemotherapy or BCG instillation, others recommend cystectomy after tumor recurrence or early cystectomy after the initial diagnosis. Our goal was to determine the prognostic value of p53, p21/WAF1, Bcl-2, Bax, Bak, and Ki-67 immunoreactivity in these tumors. There were 30 patients with a new histopathological diagnosis of pT1 G3 urothelial carcinoma based on a transurethral resection specimen. Representative sections of these specimens were examined for the above markers. All patients…

Surgery Illustrated - Surgical Atlas

2010

Function And Morphology Of The Urinary Bladder After Denervation

2021

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Mechanical and electrophysiological effects of cromakalim on the human urinary bladder.

1994

The effects of cromakalim on spontaneous and induced mechanical activity of human detrusor muscle were investigated in vitro. Cromakalim produces a concentration-related decrease of spontaneous as well as carbachol- and K(+)-evoked contractions. This is the first study to utilize the patch clamp technique to elucidate the mechanism of action of cromakalim on human detrusor cells. Cromakalim hyperpolarizes the detrusor cells by increasing the net outward current which is most likely carried by potassium ions. In the human urinary bladder, this effect is mediated by a glibenclamide-sensitive potassium channel, as glibenclamide is able to diminish the relaxant effect of cromakalim and to preve…

Late results of bladder stimulation in 11 patients: followup to 4 years.

1978

Abstract Direct stimulation of the detrusor muscle offers the best possibility to evacuate the bladder in highly selected patients. During the last 4 years 11 patients have undergone implantation of a bladder pacemaker. Followup revealed that 1 patient could void only during stimulation, while 7 patients had reflex evacuation and 3 had no function at all. An exceptional case report is presented.

Risk factors for residual disease at re-TUR in a large cohort of T1G3 patients

2021

Item does not contain fulltext Introduction and objectives: The goals of transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (TUR) are to completely resect the lesions and to make a correct diagnosis in order to adequately stage the patient. It is well known that the presence of detrusor muscle in the specimen is a prerequisite to minimize the risk of under staging. Persistent disease after resection of bladder tumors is not uncommon and is the reason why the European Guidelines recommended a re-TUR for all T1 tumors. It was recently published that when there is muscle in the specimen, re-TUR does not influence progression or cancer specific survival. We present here the patient and tumor factors th…