Search results for "urine"
showing 10 items of 924 documents
CCDC 921191: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
2013
Related Article: Pilar Amo-Ochoa, Simone S. Alexandre, Samira Hribesh, Miguel A. Galindo, Oscar Castillo, Carlos J. Gómez-García, Andrew R. Pike, José M. Soler, Andrew Houlton, Ross W. Harrington, William Clegg, Félix Zamora|2013|Inorg.Chem.|52|5290|doi:10.1021/ic400237h
CCDC 1828666: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
2018
Related Article: Audrey Trommenschlager, Florian Chotard, Benoît Bertrand, Souheila Amor, Philippe Richard, Ali Bettaïeb, Catherine Paul, Jean-Louis Connat, Pierre Le Gendre, Ewen Bodio|2018|ChemMedChem|13|2408|doi:10.1002/cmdc.201800474
Origin of Enzymatic Kinetic Isotope Effects in Human Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase
2017
Here we report a study of the effect of heavy isotope labeling on the reaction catalyzed by human purine nucleoside phosphorylase (hPNP) to elucidate the origin of its catalytic effect and of the enzymatic kinetic isotope effect (EKIE). Using quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we study the mechanism of the hPNP enzyme and the dynamic effects by means of the calculation of the recrossing transmission coefficient. A free energy surface (FES), as a function of both a chemical and an environmental coordinate, is obtained to show the role of the environment on the chemical reaction. Analysis of reactive and nonreactive trajectories allows us …
Biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urine of lactating mothers: Urinary levels, association with lifestyle factors, and risk ass…
2020
Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pollutants produced during incomplete combustion of organic matter and several industrial processes. Humans can be exposed to PAHs through ingestion of food, inhalation of tobacco smoke or polluted air, and dermal contact, causing immunologic, developmental, and reproductive problems. In the present research, eleven metabolites of PAHs were analyzed in the urine of 110 lactating women living in Spain (2015). PAH metabolites were extracted from the urine samples by liquid-liquid extraction and their determination was performed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, information on lifestyle and dietary ha…
Children’s exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Valencian Region (Spain): Urinary levels, predictors of exposure and risk assessment
2021
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pollutants that are released into the environment during incomplete combustion of organic matter and which can have a negative effect on human health. PAHs enter the human body mostly through ingestion of food or inhalation of tobacco smoke. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the internal levels of PAHs that children living in the Valencian Region (Spain) are exposed to. In total, we measured eleven biomarkers of exposure to naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo(a)pyrene in the urine of 566 children aged 5-12. The analytical method was based on a liquid-liquid extraction of the PAH metabolites from the urine samples, …
Purine auxotrophy: Possible applications beyond genetic marker
2019
Exploring new drug candidates or drug targets against many illnesses is necessary as "traditional" treatments lose their effectivity. Cancer and sicknesses caused by protozoan parasites are among these diseases. Cell purine metabolism is an important drug target. Theoretically, inhibiting purine metabolism could stop the proliferation of unwanted cells. Purine metabolism is similar across all eukaryotes. However, some medically important organisms or cell lines rely on their host purine metabolism. Protozoans causing malaria, leishmaniasis, or toxoplasmosis are purine auxotrophs. Some cancer forms have also lost the ability to synthesize purines de novo. Budding yeast can serve as an effect…
Citrinin Dietary Exposure Assessment Approach through Human Biomonitoring High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry-Based Data.
2021
Citrinin (CIT) is a scarcely studied mycotoxin within foodstuffs, so the biomonitoring of this toxin and its metabolite dihydrocitrinone (DH-CIT) in biological samples represents the main alternative to estimate the exposure. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the presence of CIT and DH-CIT in 300 urine samples from Italian individuals in order to assess the exposure. Quantification was performed through an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS)-based methodology. CIT was quantified in 47% of samples (n = 300) up to 4.0 ng/mg Crea (mean = 0.29 ng/mg Crea), whereas DH-CIT was quantified in 21% of samples up to 2.5 ng/mg Crea (me…
Antiviral and antioxidant properties of active alginate edible films containing phenolic extracts
2018
In this work, novel active edible films having antiviral activity were developed through the solvent casting method. Emulsified edible films were prepared by adding lipids into alginate films in order to improve their water vapour permeability. In addition, two natural extracts rich in phenolic compounds, specifically a green tea extract (GTE) and a grape seed extract (GSE) were used as active agents. Interestingly, incorporating GTE or GSE within the biopolymer matrix, the films exhibited significant antiviral activity against murine norovirus (MNV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) since ∼2 log reduction were recorded for the 0.75 g extract/g alginate in the film, being GTE more efficient than …
On the use of Persian gum for the development of antiviral edible coatings against murine norovirus of interest in blueberries.
2021
In the last decades, berries have been identified as important vehicles for the transmission of foodborne viruses and different strategies are being explored to eliminate or reduce viral contamination in these fruits. The aim of this work was to develop novel edible coatings with antiviral properties for inactivating and reducing murine norovirus (MNV). Firstly, the effect of gelatin (G) addition on Persian gum (PG) films was studied in terms of microstructural, mechanical, optical, and water barrier properties. The following PG:G ratios were considered: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100. Microstructure analysis revealed the compatibility of both hydrocolloids since no phase separation …
Occurrence of antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs in source-separated urine, groundwater, surface water and wastewater in the peri-urban area of Chu…
2020
Recently, there has been an increased interest in bridging the knowledge gap in the occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals in African urban water cycles. In this study, the occurrence of 7 antibiotics and 3 antiretrovirals in source-separated urine, groundwater, wastewater and surface water of the peri-urban area of Chunga in Lusaka, Zambia, was studied. In groundwater, the pharmaceuticals were only sporadically present with 4 antibiotics and 1 antiretroviral detected. The concentration of the antibiotics ranged from below limit of quantification (<LOQ) to 880 ng/L, with sulfamethoxazole having the highest detection frequency of 42.3%. In the surface water, a comparatively high concentrati…