Search results for "vaha"

Novel concepts on the recovery of by-products from alkaline pulping

2016

Innovative biorefinery concepts were developed for the separation and utilization of organic materials, especially aliphatic carboxylic acids, lignin, and extractives, which are formed as by-products during wood-based alkaline delignification processes. The partial recovery of sodium as NaOH and aliphatic carboxylic acids from hardwood soda-AQ black liquor was studied via electrodialysis. The lignin was partly (about 59 % of the initial lignin) precipitated from black liquor by carbonation (pH to about 8.5) followed by electrodialysis or H2SO4 (pH to about 2), with subsequent precipitation of more lignin and the liberation of aliphatic acids. The Na2SO4 formed was successfully separated fro…

Something Borrowed : Interfigural Characterisation in Anglo-American Fantasy Comics

2016

It is no secret that comics’ formal structure resembles a pastiche: images, words and gaps of different styles and abstraction levels mix to tell a story that is more than their sum. Is it any wonder, then, that modern, myth-driven graphic novels tend to borrow their content elements – such as characters – from several heterogeneous sources as well? Wolfgang G. Müller's little-known but widely applicable theory of interfigurality (1991) shows how literary characters gain depth and resonance by sharing elements with characters in other works. The chapter revises his theory and shows how it could also be used in the analysis of comic book characters. Fantasy comics from Vertigo series like Fa…

Temperature, phosphorus and species composition will all influence phytoplankton production and content of polyunsaturated fatty acids

2023

Temperature increases driven by climate change are expected to decrease the availability of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lakes worldwide. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the joint effects of lake trophic status, nutrient dynamics and warming on the availability of these biomolecules is lacking. Here, we conducted a laboratory experiment to study how warming (18–23°C) interacts with phosphorus (0.65–2.58 μM) to affect phytoplankton growth and their production of polyunsaturated fatty acids. We included 10 species belonging to the groups diatoms, golden algae, cyanobacteria, green algae, cryptophytes and dinoflagellates. Our results show that both temperature and phosphorus w…

Associations of dietary carbohydrate and fatty acid intakes with cognition among children

2020

Objective: To investigate the cross-sectional associations of dietary carbohydrate and fatty acid intakes with cognition in mid-childhood. Design: Dietary carbohydrate and fatty acid intakes were assessed using 4-d food records, and cognition was evaluated using the Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM) score. The cross-sectional associations of dietary carbohydrate and fatty acid intakes with cognition were investigated using linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, body fat percentage, household income, parental education and daily energy intake. Setting: The baseline examinations of the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children study. Participants: A population-based sa…

Simulated eutrophication and browning alters zooplankton nutritional quality and determines juvenile fish growth and survival

2018

Source at https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3832. The first few months of life is the most vulnerable period for fish and their optimal hatching time with zooplankton prey is favored by natural selection. Traditionally, however, prey abundance (i.e., zooplankton density) has been considered important, whereas prey nutritional composition has been largely neglected in natural settings. High‐quality zooplankton, rich in both essential amino acids (EAAs) and fatty acids (FAs), are required as starting prey to initiate development and fast juvenile growth. Prey quality is dependent on environmental conditions, and, for example, eutrophication and browning are two major factors defining primary produ…

Microwave-Assisted Esterification of Tall Oil Fatty Acids with Methanol Using Lignin-Based Solid Catalyst

2016

During alkaline pulping significant amounts of lignin, carbohydrates (mostly hemicelluloses), and extractives (tall oil soap and turpentine) are removed from wood feedstock. In this study, the catalytic esterification of fatty acids in tall oil with methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters under microwave irradiation was performed at 100 °C for 10–60 min. A novel heterogeneous acid catalyst tested for this purpose was synthesized from the hardwood alkali lignin that was precipitated by acidification from the black liquor from soda-AQ pulping. The comparative reaction data were obtained by using other solid catalysts, Amberlyst 15, and p-toluenesulfonic acid. The results showed the highe…

Ankkalinna - portti kahden maailman välillä : Don Rosan Disney-sarjakuvat postmodernina fantasiana

2014

Lowered nutritional quality of prey decrease the growth and biomolecule content of rainbow trout fry

2022

Diet quality is crucial for the development of offspring. Here, we examined how the nutritional quality of prey affects somatic growth and the lipid, carbohydrate, protein, amino acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acid content of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry using a three-trophic-level experimental setup. Diets differed especially in their content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are physiologically essential polyunsaturated fatty acids for a fish fry. Trout were fed with an artificial diet (fish feed, DHA-rich), marine zooplankton diet (krill/Mysis, DHA-rich), or freshwater zooplankton diet (Daphnia, Cladocera, DHA-deficient). The Daphnia were gr…

Eutrophication reduces the nutritional value of phytoplankton in boreal lakes

2019

Eutrophication (as an increase in total phosphorus [TP]) increases harmful algal blooms and reduces the proportion of high-quality phytoplankton in seston and the content of ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) in fish. However, it is not well-known how eutrophication affects the overall nutritional value of phytoplankton. Therefore, we studied the impact of eutrophication on the production (as concentration; μg L−1) and content (μg mg C−1) of amino acids, EPA, DHA, and sterols, i.e., the nutritional value of phytoplankton in 107 boreal lakes. The lakes were categorized in seven TP concentration categories ranging from ultra…

Suomen taitoluistelumaajoukkueen naisluistelijoiden fyysinen kuormittuneisuus sekä psyykkisten taitojen hallinta kilpailutilanteessa

2012

Tässä tutkimuksessa esitellään aluksi kansallisen ja kansainvälisen kirjallisuuden avulla monipuolisesti taitoluistelussa tarvittavia psyykkisiä taitoja, minkä jälkeen tutkimus-osuudessa esitellään suomen taitoluistelumaajoukkueen naisluistelijoiden kilpailuohjel-mien kuormittuneisuutta erilaisten mittaustulosten, kuten laktaattiarvojen ja sykkeen avulla. Maajoukkueluistelijoiden psyykkistä suorituskykyä selvitellään IZOF-profiloinnin kautta ja ohjelmien laadukkuutta sen sijaan vertaamalla kilpailusimulaatio-suorituksia kunkin urheilijan kauden 2010-2011 pääkilpailuun. Mittaukset suoritettiin kilpailusimulaatiossa Jyväskylässä syksyllä 2010. Koehenkilöinä oli viisi maajoukkueen naisluisteli…