Search results for "valence"
showing 10 items of 2732 documents
Relative and absolute socioeconomic inequality in smoking: time trends in Germany from 1995 to 2013
2020
Abstract Purpose This study aimed to investigate time trends in relative and absolute socioeconomic inequality in smoking prevalence in Germany using several indicators for socioeconomic position. Methods We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study using representative samples of the German population aged between 25 and 64 years in 1995, 1999, 2005, 2009, and 2013 (n = 857,264). Socioeconomic position was measured by indicators for income, education, and occupation. Relative and absolute socioeconomic inequalities were estimated with the regression-based relative index of inequality and the slope index of inequality, respectively. Trends in inequalities were estimated with interaction te…
Cardiovascular medication and intraocular pressure: results from the Gutenberg Health Study
2016
BACKGROUND Intraocular pressure (IOP) is well known to be associated with blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors. The influence of systemic cardiovascular, in particular antihypertensive, medication on IOP is still controversial. This study analyses the association between the use of cardiovascular medications and IOP in a large European cohort. METHODS The Gutenberg Health Study is a population-based, prospective,observational cohort study in mid-western Germany. IOP was measured using a non-contact tonometer. The medication classes examined were peripheral vasodilators, diuretics, β-blockers (overall, selective and non-selective), calcium channel blockers, renin-angiotensin …
Prevalence of glaucoma and distribution of intraocular pressure in a population. The Casteldaccia Eye Study.
2009
IOP was measured in 1062 middle-aged and elderly subjects of a small Sicilian town, enrolled in a population based survey. The mean IOP was 15.1 +/- 3.7 mmHg without interocular or sex differences. A small but significant age-dependent increase of IOP was found. Circadian and seasonal influences were recorded: IOP was higher in the morning and in winter. The prevalence of chronic open-angle glaucoma was 1.2%, but it grew to 3.6 if only subjects aged 70 years or more were considered. IOP of 24 mmHg or more was found in 2.7%, while 4.3% of subjects showed IOP of 21 mmHg or more. This survey shows that mean IOP of the Mediterranean population studied is similar to the IOP found in other epidem…
PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATIONS OF MYELINATED RETINAL NERVE FIBERS
2016
PURPOSE To determine the prevalence, ocular, and systemic associations of myelinated retinal nerve fibers (MRNF) in a Caucasian cohort. METHODS The Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) is a population-based, prospective cohort study encompassing 15,010 subjects in Germany. Gutenberg Health Study participants, aged 35 to 74 years, stratified for gender, decades of age, and residence were examined for ophthalmologic and systemic conditions. Optic disc centered and macular photographs were reviewed for the presence of MRNF. RESULTS In 25,728 eyes of 12,906 participants (86.0% of the cohort), the prevalence of MRNF was 0.4%. In a binary logistic regression analysis, MRNF was positively associated with …
[A gastric polypoid signet ring cell carcinoma]
2007
The authors signal a case of gastric polypoid signet ring cell carcinoma, of particular interest for its rarity like show from the review of the literature, which is the first to have been described after Tabaru's citation.The study has been carried out at the Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences of the University of Palermo. It has been based on 2000 cases analysed from June 2001 to December 2003.The authors advance some and emphasizes the diagnostic flow chart and therapeutic choices adopted.We agree that the endoscopic polypectomy is surgical procedure of first approach, but modifying the therapeutic guideline in relation to histologic examination, like happened in the case in…
Prevalence of bullying victimisation amongst first-episode psychosis patients and unaffected controls
2013
Background—Despite increasing evidence suggesting that childhood maltreatment is significantly associated with psychosis, the specific role of bullying in the onset of psychotic disorders is still unclear. This study aimed to examine whether bullying was more prevalent amongst individuals presenting to services for the first time with a psychotic disorder than in unaffected community controls. Methods—Data on exposure to bullying, psychotic symptoms, cannabis use and history of conduct disorder were collected cross-sectionally from 222 first-presentation psychosis cases and 215 geographically-matched controls. Bullying victimisation was assessed retrospectively as part of the Brief Life Eve…
Investigation of the maxillary lateral incisor agenesis and associated dental anomalies in an orthodontic patient population
2011
CEYLAN, Ismail/0000-0002-8693-4175; KAMAK, HASAN/0000-0003-1910-3694 WOS: 000314401800025 PubMed: 22549676 Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of maxillary lateral incisor (MLI) agenesis and associated dental anomalies as well as skeletal patterns in an orthodontic population, and then to compare it with the prevalence of these anomalies in the general population. Study Design: The material of the present study included the records of the 3872 orthodontic patients. The followings were recorded for each subject with the agenesis of MLI: Age, sex, unilateral or bilateral absence, anterior-posterior skeletal relationship of the maxilla and mandible, and presence…
Prevalence of surrogate markers of relative energy deficiency in male Norwegian Olympic-level athletes
2021
Author's accepted manuscript. Accepted author manuscript version reprinted, by permission, from [International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2021, 31(6): 497-506, https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0368]. © Human Kinetics, Inc. The syndrome of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) includes wide-ranging effects on physiological and psychological functioning, performance, and general health. However, RED-S is understudied among male athletes at the highest performance levels. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate surrogate RED-S markers prevalence in Norwegian male Olympic-level athletes. Athletes (n = 44) aged 24.7 ± 3.8 years, body mass 81.3 ± 15.9 kg,…
The Outcome Questionnaire 45.2. Italian validation of an instrument for the assessment of phychological treatments
2008
SummaryAims– The Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2; Lambertet al., 2004) was designed to measure important areas of functioning (symptoms, interpersonal problems and social role functioning) that are of central interest in mental health. The crosscultural validity of the OQ-45.2 in the Italian population has been examined by comparing the psychometric properties and equivalence in factor structure and normative scores of the Italian OQ with the original American version.Method– Data were collected at university (N=461), in community (N=61) and in three mental health care organisations (N=301).Results– Results showed that the psychometric properties of the Italian OQ were adequate and similar t…
Evolution of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance in HIV-1-infected patients in Italy from 2000 to 2010
2012
Prevalence and predictors of transmitted drug resistance (TDR), defined as the presence of at least one WHO surveillance drug resistance mutation (SDRM), were investigated in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-1-infected patients, with a genotypic resistance test (GRT) performed ≤6months before starting cART between 2000 and 2010. 3163 HIV-1 sequences were selected (69% subtype B). Overall, the prevalence of TDR was 12% (13.2% subtype B, 9% non-B). TDR significantly declined overall and for the single drug classes. Older age independently predicted increased odds of TDR, whereas a more recent GRT, a higher HIV-RNA and C vs. B subtype predicted lower odds of TDR. © 2012 The Authors. Clinical Microbiol…