Search results for "value"

showing 10 items of 5321 documents

An augmented MFS approach for brain activity reconstruction

2017

Abstract Weak electrical currents in the brain flow as a consequence of acquisition, processing and transmission of information by neurons, giving rise to electric and magnetic fields, which can be modeled by the quasi-stationary approximation of Maxwell’s equations. Electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) techniques allow for reconstructing the cerebral electrical currents and thus investigating the neuronal activity in the human brain in a non-invasive way. This is a typical electromagnetic inverse problem which can be addressed in two stages. In the first one a physical and geometrical representation of the head is used to find the relation between a given source mo…

Electromagnetic fieldNumerical AnalysisGeneral Computer Sciencemedicine.diagnostic_testApplied MathematicsScalar (physics)010103 numerical & computational mathematicsMagnetoencephalographyInverse problem01 natural sciencesFinite element methodTheoretical Computer Science010101 applied mathematicsSettore MAT/08 - Analisi NumericaSettore ING-IND/31 - ElettrotecnicaMethod of Fundamental Solutions Boundary value problems M/EEG LOOCV algorithmModeling and SimulationmedicineMethod of fundamental solutionsBoundary value problem0101 mathematicsBoundary element methodAlgorithmMathematics
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Experimental demonstration of the physics of resonant cavities

2005

We describe an undergraduate experiment that demonstrates the physics of cavity resonators. A mobile wall lets students alter the position of the nodes, thus changing the mode pattern. The nodal structure is made apparent by placing a metallic plate at different positions inside the cavity. A technique for dielectric characterization also is introduced, which helps students understand the boundary conditions in dielectrics, as well as highlighting the characteristics of fields in cavities.

Electromagnetic fieldPhysicsElectromagnetisme MesuramentsAcousticsGeneral Physics and AstronomyPhysics::Physics EducationPhysics::OpticsFísicaDielectricCharacterization (materials science)ResonatorPosition (vector)Boundary value problem
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Field fluctuations near a conducting plate and Casimir-Polder forces in the presence of boundary conditions

2006

We consider vacuum fluctuations of the quantum electromagnetic field in the presence of an infinite and perfectly conducting plate. We evaluate how the change of vacuum fluctuations due to the plate modifies the Casimir-Polder potential between two atoms placed near the plate. We use two different methods to evaluate the Casimir-Polder potential in the presence of the plate. They also give new insights on the role of boundary conditions in the Casimir-Polder interatomic potential, as well as indications for possible generalizations to more complicated boundary conditions.

Electromagnetic fieldPhysicsQuantum PhysicsField (physics)Condensed Matter::OtherFOS: Physical sciencesInteratomic potentialMechanicsPotential energyCasimir-Polder forceAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsCasimir effectClassical mechanicsPhysics::Atomic and Molecular ClustersBoundary value problemPhysics::Atomic Physicscavity quantum electrodynamicQuantum Physics (quant-ph)Quantumquantum fluctuations.Quantum fluctuation
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Time-dependent Maxwell field operators and field energy density for an atom near a conducting wall

2009

We consider the time evolution of the electric and magnetic field operators for a two-level atom, interacting with the electromagnetic field, placed near an infinite perfectly conducting wall. We solve iteratively the Heisenberg equations for the field operators and obtain the electric and magnetic energy density operators around the atom (valid for any initial state). Then we explicitly evaluate them for an initial state with the atom in its bare ground state and the field in the vacuum state. We show that the results can be physically interpreted as the superposition of the fields propagating directly from the atom and the fields reflected on the wall. Relativistic causality in the field …

Electromagnetic fieldPhysicsvacuum fluctuationQuantum PhysicsMagnetic energyField (physics)Vacuum stateFOS: Physical sciencesOptical fieldAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsMagnetic fieldQuantum electrodynamicQuantum mechanicsQuantum electrodynamicsPhysics::Atomic and Molecular ClustersBoundary value problemCasimir-Polder forcesGround stateQuantum Physics (quant-ph)
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Highly efficient full-wave electromagnetic analysis of 3-D arbitrarily shaped waveguide microwave devices using an integral equation technique

2015

A novel technique for the full-wave analysis of 3-D complex waveguide devices is presented. This new formulation, based on the Boundary Integral-Resonant Mode Expansion (BI-RME) method, allows the rigorous full-wave electromagnetic characterization of 3-D arbitrarily shaped metallic structures making use of extremely low CPU resources (both time and memory). The unknown electric current density on the surface of the metallic elements is represented by means of Rao-Wilton-Glisson basis functions, and an algebraic procedure based on a singular value decomposition is applied to transform such functions into the classical solenoidal and nonsolenoidal basis functions needed by the original BI-RM…

Electromagnetic fieldSolenoidal vector fieldbusiness.industryAcousticsBoundary (topology)Basis functionCondensed Matter PhysicsIntegral equationlaw.inventionOpticslawSingular value decompositionGeneral Earth and Planetary SciencesElectrical and Electronic EngineeringCoaxialbusinessWaveguideMathematicsRadio Science
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ACCOUNTING AS A 21ST CENTURY BUSINESS VALUE DRIVER

2017

Companies have focused for decades on maximizing the value creation process of direct productive business activities. The information revolution has left its mark and has started an irreversible transformation of classical business processes and activities. In the new 21st century information and data driven society, commodity is value and knowledge, making Porters value chain concept an important key factor for successful and innovative businesses. Business value creation was during the industrial revolution a topic strictly liked to direct productive activities. The increased and transformed business environment required innovative and sustainable competitive advantages for business organ…

Electronic businessLine of businessbusiness.industryNew business developmentOcean EngineeringAccountingBusinessBusiness valueBusiness modelValue chainBusiness operationsBusiness transformationCBU International Conference Proceedings
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Viral marketing through e-mail: the link company-consumer

2013

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the antecedents that may determine the opening of e-mails from companies that endeavour to promote their products, and what may motivate individuals to forward such messages to others. Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents exploratory research to approach the nature of the viral process and descriptive research for testing the proposed hypotheses. Findings – The opening of an e-mail is determined by the value that an individual may perceive that the message might contain. Forwarding of the message is determined by its opening, and by the individual's perception about the value of the message it may provide to others, besides the…

Electronic word of mouthValue (ethics)media_common.quotation_subjectExploratory researchAdvertisingInterpersonal communicationManagement Science and Operations ResearchGeneral Business Management and AccountingViral processViral marketingPerceptionMarketingDescriptive researchPsychologymedia_commonManagement Decision
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Ecological Indicator Values of Europe (EIVE) 1.0: A Powerful Open-Access Tool for Vegetation Scientists

2016

International audience; Background: Ecological indicator values (EIVs) have a long tradition in vegetation ecological research in Europe. EIVs characterise the ecological optimum of species along major environmental gradients using ordinal scales. Calculating mean indicator values per plot is an effective way of bioindication. Following first systems in Russia and Central Europe, about two dozen EIV systems have been published for various parts of Europe.Aims: As there was no EIV system available at European scale that could be used for broad- scale analyses, e.g. in the context of the European Vegetation Archive (EVA), we develop such a system for the first time for the vascular plants of …

Ellenberg Indicator Value[ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and EcologyEuropean Vegetation ArchiveBioindication; Ellenberg indicator values; Ecoinformatics; Ecological optimum; European Vegetation Archive; Site condition; Vegetation-plot databaseIndicator Values Europe Ellenbergecological optimumsite conditionvegetation-plot database15. Life on land[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecologybioindicationecoinformatics
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Optimization of the domain in elliptic variational inequalities

1988

This paper is concerned with a nonsmooth shape optimization problem for the Signorini unilateral boundary-value problem. The necessary optimality conditions are derived. The results of computations are presented.

Elliptic curveMathematical optimizationControl and OptimizationApplied MathematicsComputationVariational inequalityShape optimization problemBoundary value problemGradient methodFinite element methodDomain (mathematical analysis)MathematicsApplied Mathematics & Optimization
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An Empirical Investigation of Heavy Tails in Emerging Markets and Robust Estimation of the Pareto Tail Index

2021

In this work we analyze and compare the performances of VaR-based estimatorswith respect to three different classes of distributions, i.e., Gaussian, Stable and Pareto, and to different emerging markets, i.e., Egypt, Qatar and Mexico. This is motivated by the evidence that there are points of distinction between emerging and developed markets mainly relating to the speed and reliability of information available to investors.We propose a computational Threshold Accepting-VaR based algorithm (TAVaR) for optimally estimating the Pareto tail index. A Monte Carlo bias estimation analysis is also carried out by comparing our proposed methodology with the Hill estimator and a variant of it.

Emerging marketValue at RiskPareto distributionMetaheuristics
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