Search results for "ventilation"
showing 10 items of 476 documents
Energy Saving Optimizing the Ventilation Control in a Big Shopping Center
2018
The paper investigates the potential energy savings in the context of big shopping centers, thanks to the introduction of innovative technologies able to control the ventilation according the real requirement for comfort and health of indoor spaces. The case study analyses a big shopping center, where the ventilation is realized with a centralized air-conditioning plant, working with fixed air flows. Two solutions are proposed to reduce the energy consumption for ventilation. The first considers the installation of heat recovery exchangers, the second the introduction of a control system able to modulate the air exchange, according to the real requirements. An energetic and economic evaluat…
Electrical hybrid heat pumps assisted by natural gas boilers: a review
2022
In this paper, a comprehensive review is performed on hybrid systems using electrical Heat Pumps for Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning systems and Domestic Hot Water production using case studies from 2016 to 2022. This work particularly focuses on studies that investigated systems with electrical Heat Pumps assisted by a gas boiler. Some studies that considered the exploitation of renewable energy sources, but not as a whole sub-stitute for fossil sources, have also been included. In particular, the analysis investigated the layouts of the systems by considering the type and the size of the components, the control methods applied (by distinguishing rule-based control methods and …
Computer model and simulation of a traditional passive cooling ventilation system in a Modern building in Mazara del Vallo (Italy)
2008
Traditional and modern natural ventilation techniques have been integrated in a hybrid system for a retrofitting of public building in the city of Mazara del Vallo (Italy). The hybrid ventilation and air cooling system integrates a wind tower, an indirect evaporative heat exchanger, a ground cooling pipe network and ventilated façade. The first idea was to design a passive cooling system inspired to the typical wind towers of the Middle East, being the area very well ventilated. On the other hand, air humidity in summer is quite high and therefore the effectiveness of indirect evaporative cooling is quite low. For this reason, it was adopted a second passive cooling system consisting in a g…
Experimental determination of natural air ventilation rates based on CO2 concentration
2009
This study reports the first results of a survey carried out by the authors on a hall used for conferences, training courses, seminars, and aimed to determine the correlation between the concentration of CO2 and the number of air changes only through natural ventilation. The assessment of ventilation rates was based on the knowledge of the indoor and outdoor CO2 concentrations and of the number of people in the hall. As it is known, the CO2 concentrations can be used as an index for the number of people present in a room and can be evaluated as a function of time by using the Meckler equation in steady-state conditions. In that case it is however necessary that some restrictive hypotheses a…
Intrapulmonary 3He Gas Distribution Depending on Bolus Size and Temporal Bolus Placement
2008
OBJECTIVE: Dynamic ventilation (3)He-MRI is a new method to assess pulmonary gas inflow. As differing airway diameters throughout the ventilatory cycle can influence gas inflow this study intends to investigate the influence of volume and timing of a He gas bolus with respect to the beginning of the tidal volume on inspiratory gas distribution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An ultrafast 2-dimensional spoiled gradient echo sequence (temporal resolution 100 milliseconds) was used for dynamic ventilation (3)He-MRI of 11 anesthetized and mechanically ventilated pigs. The applied (3)He gas bolus was varied in volume between 100 and 200 mL. A 150-mL bolus was varied in its application time after the beg…
PASSIVE SYSTEMS FOR BUILDINGS INDOOR COMFORT
2016
The paper shows the preliminary studies for the University Campus ZEB Energy realization in Palermo. The particular location in the Mediterranean basin has required careful planning to resolve the problems related to high temperatures and humidity. For this reason has been employed strategies, elements and building materials that meet the requirements of sustainability and energy savings provided by law, in order to build a new building energy self-sufficient. The University of Palermo had the need to create new spaces to be used as classrooms for different types of education and especially of a space for conferences and conventions. This type of spaces is usually very energy eater because …
[Evolution over time in over perceivers of dyspnea in asthma].
2006
OBJECTIVE: In previous studies we identified a subgroup of patients whose perception of breathlessness was exaggerated during acute bronchoconstriction and who were termed “over perceivers” or “hyperperceivers.” In this study we aimed to determine whether such over perception is sporadic or stable over time. We also examined whether there is an association between over perception of dyspnea and hyperventilation syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The subjects were 22 stable asthmatics (11 men, 11 women) who had been over perceivers of dyspnea in a study 9 years earlier. After a medical history was taken, a patient performed forced spirometry and a severity classification was made according to t…
Physiotherapy Intervention for Preventing the Respiratory Muscle Deterioration in Institutionalized Older Women With Functional Impairment
2013
Abstract Introduction In elderly seniors (>80 years), respiratory function may be compromised when, in addition to the presence of comorbidity and loss of mobility, there is also reduced respiratory muscle (RM) strength. The literature has shown that RM training could be an effective method to improve RM function and prevent clinical deterioration, particularly in population with RM weakness. The main purpose of this paper was to assess the effectiveness of RM training on the respiratory muscle strength and endurance of institutionalized elderly women with functional impairment. Method Fifty-four residents (mean=85 years, SD=6.7) were randomly assigned to either a control (n=27) or training…
Recommended practice for out-of-hospital emergency anaesthesia in adults: Statement from the Out-of-Hospital Emergency Anaesthesia Working Group of t…
2016
Emergency anaesthesia is an important therapeutic measure in out-of-hospital emergency medicine. The associated risks are considerably higher than those of in-hospital anaesthesia. The primary objectives of emergency anaesthesia are hypnosis, analgesia, oxygenation and ventilation through airway management. The secondary objectives of emergency anaesthesia are amnesia, anxiolysis, the reduction of oxygen consumption and respiratory work, the protection of vital organs and the avoidance of secondary myocardial and cerebral damage. A critical evaluation of the indications for outof- hospital emergency anaesthesia must take into consideration patient, case and provider-related factors. Rapid s…
Clinical Assessment of Nasal Airway Obstruction
2019
For the evaluation of nasal airway obstruction physical examination, anterior rhinoscopy, laboratory workup, imaging studies, and rhinomanometric studies may be required. Laboratory workup may consist of counts of neutrophil investigating infectious diseases, eosinophil for allergy-related disorders, and mast cell in food allergy. Imaging workup contains computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging. Physically based studies involve rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry techniques. Nasal resistance is responsible for more than 50% of the resistance of the total airway. Nasal resistance is made up of two layers: the deeper layer consists of underlying bone, cartilage, and muscle, …