Search results for "vigilance"
showing 10 items of 154 documents
Problem solving in psychopharmacotherapy using pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic tests
2007
Many problems such as non-response, pharmacokinetic interactions with clinical consequences and adverse effects (pharmacovigilance) may be observed in patients submitted to psychopharmacotherapy. These risks are increased in patients belonging to the category of “special populations”: elderly patients, children and adolescents, patients with a genetic particularity of metabolism or suffering from somatic or psychic comorbidities. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic tests are useful to solve problems in psychopharmacotherapy and thus improve efficacy and safety. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is particularly recommended in situations presented above and in patients who are non-compliant. …
The evolution of European Medicines Agency drug approval: the adaptive licensing: Table 1
2015
In March 2014, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) launched a pilot project of ‘adaptive licensing’ to speed up access to drugs in development, in order to respond to unmet medical needs. The project will involve parallel scientific advice from the regulatory agency, pharmaceutical industry, the companies Health Technology Assessment (HTAs) bodies, organisations studying guidelines on clinical treatment and patient associations. The traditional process of drug authorisation is divided into several parts, involving in vitro studies and in vivo studies in animals (preclinical studies), as well as phase 1–3 randomised controlled trials conducted in humans over a predefined period. When authori…
Recognition of rapid-eye-movement sleep from single-channel EEG data by artificial neural networks: a study in depressive patients with and without a…
1996
An automatic procedure for the online recognition of REM sleep appears to be a necessary tool for selective REM sleep deprivation in depressive patients. To develop such a procedure we applied an artificial neural network to preprocessed single-channel EEG activity. EOG and EMG information was purposely not provided as input to the network. A generalized back-propagation algorithm was used for computer simulation. The sleep profile scored manually according to Rechtschaffen and Kales served as the desired output during the training period and as standard for the judgement of the network output during working mode. Polysomnographic recordings from 5 healthy subjects were pooled to train the …
Dissociable Effects of Reward on P300 and EEG Spectra Under Conditions of High vs. Low Vigilance During a Selective Visual Attention Task
2020
The influence of motivation on selective visual attention in states of high vs. low vigilance is poorly understood. To explore the possible differences in the influence of motivation on behavioral performance and neural activity in high and low vigilance levels, we conducted a prolonged 2 h 20 min flanker task and provided monetary rewards during the 20- to 40- and 100- to 120-min intervals of task performance. Both the behavioral and electrophysiological measures were modulated by prolonged task engagement. Moreover, the effect of reward was different in high vs. low vigilance states. The monetary reward increased accuracy and decreased the reaction time (RT) and number of omitted response…
Sleep restriction for the duration of a work week impairs multitasking performance
2010
It is important to develop shift schedules that minimise the chance for sleep-related human error in safety-critical domains. Experimental data on the effects of sleep restriction (SR) play a key role in this development work. In order to provide such data, we conducted an experiment in which cognitively demanding and long-duration task performance, simulating task performance at work, was measured under SR and following recovery. Twenty healthy male volunteers, aged 19-29 years, participated in the study. Thirteen of them had first two baseline days (8-h sleep opportunity per day), then five SR days (4-h sleep) and finally two recovery days (8-h sleep). Seven controls were allowed to sleep…
Nenarkotisko pretsāpju līdzekļu farmakovigilance
2019
Pašārstēšanās šobrīd ir plaši izplatīta, tās biežākais iemesls ir plaša pieeja dažādiem bezrecepšu medikamentiem. Nenarkotiskie pretsāpju līdzekļi ir vieni no plašāk patērētajiem pašārstēšanās medikamentiem. Ņemot vērā, cik bieži ir sastopamas blakusparādības, būtu nepieciešams pievērst lielāku uzmanību farmakovigilancei. Darba mērķis bija noskaidrot nenarkotisko pretsāpju līdzekļu farmakovigilanci un lietošanas paradumus. Pašārstēšanās nolūkos visbiežāk tiek lietots ibuprofēns, savukārt viens no drošākajiem medikamentiem ir paracetamols, jo visretāk izraisa blakusparādības. Pētījumā secināts, ka zināšanas par nenarkotiskajiem pretsāpju līdzekļiem un to izraisītajām blakusparādībām nav piet…
Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) due to variability in monacolin K content in Red Yeast Rice (RYR): An expert opinion
2020
Abstract Introduction Red yeast rice (RYR) is an effective cholesterol-lowering nutraceutical reversibly inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase. As liver damage is a possible (albeit rare) side effect of HMG-CoA inhibitors, it make sense to focus on the tolerability of the liver to RYR extracts. The aim of this paper is to offer an expert opinion on the risk of liver damage by the use of RYR extract. Methods A review of the available literature has been carried out and critically reviewed by the authors. Results According to a large meta-analysis of 53 randomized clinical trials comprising 112 treatment arms, which included 8535 subjects with 4437 in the RYR arm and …
Pastores en los libros de emblemas españoles
2009
International audience; In Spanish emblem books the figure of the badly shepherd is used for criticizing the excessive tax system and the abandonment of the power on the part of the king. Two types of representations use: rustic shepherd and mythological shepherd. These are applied both to the power of the state and to the individual area.; En los libros de emblemas se utiliza la figura del mal pastor para criticar la fiscalidad excesiva y la dejación del poder por parte del rey. Dos tipos de representaciones se emplean : pastor rústico y pastor mitológico. Estas se aplican tanto al poder del estado como al ámbito individual.
THE ROLE OF THE CLINICAL PHARMACIST IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY
2020
Over the last few years, the Hospital Pharmacy has developed in an excellent way in Europe, proposing in many countries the clinical pharmacist as a new professional figure, and adapting its responsibilities to national health systems. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and promote the prescriptive appropriateness through the close collaboration between the pharmacist and the medical team. The aspect of the dispensation of antiretroviral therapy was deepened by providing useful information to the patient on the possible undesired effects and interactions due to the polypharmacy, on the correct way of storing the drugs, and on the importance of the regularity of the polypharmacy intake…
Flore du blé d’hiver, les facteurs qui influencent sa composition et sa diversité
2014
EA SPE EcolDur EJ2 CT3; National audience; Contexte - Cet article fait suite à une description, dans Phytoma n° 678, de l'évolution de la flore adventice du blé d hiver en France depuis quarante ans, basée sur le travail de Barralis & al. dans les années 1970 et celui du réseau Biovigilance Flore de 2002 à 2010. Il cherche à expliquer ces évolutions. Évolution de la flore - Ce travail a permis de confirmer et évaluer l'influence, sur la flore globale et sa diversité, de la zone géographique, des facteurs pédo-climatiques, du type d'agriculture et des pratiques culturales : notamment IFT herbicide (mesure de l'IC, indice de contrôle) et travail du sol. Analyse par espèce - Une analyse statis…