Search results for "vineyard"

Identification of functional markers of mycorrhiza efficiency in vineyard

2021

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi form a mutualistic symbiotic association with more than 80% ofland plants, including vines. Advantages of this mutualistic symbiosis are countless. Rootcolonisation by mycorrhizal fungi is mainly evaluated through staining and microscopicobservation. However those technics do not allow to differentiate different mycorrhizal fungi.In order to overcome those limits other tools, like antibodies, isoenzymes and molecular biologytechnics, can be used. Nevertheless, all of these methods “only” allow detection of the presenceof mycorrhizal fungi, whereas no information is provided on the proper mycorrhizal symbiosisfunctioning, and therefore on the benefits provided to…

Grapevine vocs emissions triggered by elicitation –assessment of two french vineyards

2022

International audience; Grapevine foliar volatile organic compounds (VOCs) releases are induced by elicitor applications.Their emissions have been followed along the growing season on two geographically separatedBurgundy and Bordeaux (Chardonnay and Cabernet franc cultivars, respectively) French vineyards. Inyear 2019, fortunately lacking of endogenous disease, VOCs were collected under non-destructivemode, in four hours with SBSE sensors entrapped into a confinement Teflon bag. Then the monitoringof VOCs enables to distinguish between weak (COS-OGA (Bastid©) and CuSO4) and strong elicitors(MeJA).Although monoterpene Ocimenes are constitutively present among the scent of the twovineyards, t…

Cartographie de la diversité des sols viticoles de versant par imagerie à haute résolution : contribution à la connaissance des terroirs

2014

The Burgundian vineyard hillslopes (Côte-d’Or, France) exhibit a high diversity of soils resulting from the combination of several natural and anthropogenic factors acting at various spatio-temporal scales. The soil types have major role in viticulture, since they partly determine wine-growing quality. However, soil undergoes important degradation caused by hydric erosion and vineyard management practices. To control this soil heritage for a sustained viticulture in Côte-d’Or, a better knowledge of soil is necessary. The objectives of this work is to characterise vineyard soils and to identify the factors governing their diversity using an interdisciplinary approach crossing geology, geomor…

Mapping soil and substratum at a very high spatial resolution in the hillslope of Couchey (France)

2012

International audience; In this work, we present a method based on very high spatial resolution (VHSR) aerial images acquired in the visible domain and that map soil surface diversity at the hillslope scale with a spatial resolution of a few centimeters. This method combines aerial VHSR image classification with local soil sampling. Principal component analysis (PCA) and non-supervised classification was performed on image characteristics to define soil surface characteristic classes (SSC). Then soil surface mapping was combined with soil surface descriptions and soil profiles to define soil types by physical and chemical characteristics. As soil results from parent material alteration, ide…

Vineyard soils and landscapes of the Burgundy Côte (France): a historical construction worth preserving

2012

International audience; The construction of vineyard landscapes along the Burgundy Côte is the result of geological processes and of human labour. Substratum diversity in this vineyard is the result of a very long history explained by the diversity of Jurassic sedimentary facies and Tertiary tectonic activity. The nature and thickness of Quaternary deposits (Weichselian scree debris and alluvial fans) reflect sediment dynamics concurrent with the last glaciation. As soon as humans started to occupy and cultivate these slopes, the changes they made in the land through crop development and roads began to structure the vineyard plots in a lasting way. The footprint of vine work in soils can be…

Effect of Cry Toxins on Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Larvae

2022

Simple Summary Xylotrechus arvicola is a destructive pest in vineyards (Vitis vinifera) in the main wine-producing areas of the Iberian Peninsula. X. arvicola larvae bore into the grapevine wood-making galleries, thus damaging the plant both directly and indirectly. The susceptibility of X. arvicola larvae to five coleopteran toxic Cry proteins was evaluated under laboratory conditions in order to deepen the knowledge of the effect of these proteins on this insect throughout its biological development. The Cry proteins tested could be applied to control X. arvicola larvae since they were able to kill them and cause serious alterations in the larvae during the remaining months of development…

Arthropods as biological soil quality indicators in a vineyard under different soil management

2008

Vineyard design supported by GPS application

2021

The innovative technologies of precision agriculture offer nowadays new applications in line with the needs of the wine sector. In hillside viticulture, within the same plot there are areas with different physical and chemical characteristics (lying, pH, active limestone, nutrients, etc.). This variability consequently influences the vigor of the vine which translates into a different production per single plant in terms of both yield and quality of the grapes. The aim of this study was to realize geo-referenced thematic maps by GPS application on a hilly plot covering about 6 hectares to be planted in a hedgerow trained vineyard for the production of quality grapes. The experimental tests …

The effect of Shallow Tillage on soil erosion in a semi-arid vineyard

2019

Soil erosion has been considered a threat for semi-arid lands due to the removal of solid materials by water and wind. Although water erosion is currently considered the most important process of soil degradation, a growing interest has been drawn to the impact of soil tillage. Although numerous studies on tillage erosion have been carried out on arable land using a moldboard plow, a chisel, and a tandem disc for different crops, there are no studies on the effect of shallow tillage on soil redistribution in vineyards. The aim of this work was to evaluate the soil tillage erosion rate in a vineyard using a 13C natural abundance tracer. A strip of soil (C3-C soil) was removed, mixed with C4-…

Effects of tilling methods on soil penetration resistance, organic carbon and water stable aggregates in a vineyard of semiarid Mediterranean environ…

2018

Tillage, especially in semiarid Mediterranean environment, enhances the mineralization process of soil organic matter (SOM) and, in turn, decreases aggregate stability. Furthermore, continuous tillage leads to the formation of plough pan beneath the tilled layer. In the present study, we investigated the effect of an innovative self-propelled machine (spading machine, SM) for shallow tillage on SOM, water stable aggregates (WSA) and soil penetration resistance (PR). Such effects were compared to those of chisel plough (CP), rotary tiller (RT) and no tillage (NT). Each tilling method was applied up to a depth of 15 cm, whereas in NT only a brush cutter was used for weed control. Soil analyse…