Search results for "viruses"
showing 10 items of 1182 documents
Hla-Bb,Dr3 Phenotype and the Antibody Response Against Epstein-Barr Virus
1993
Antibodies against the viral capsid antigen (VCA) and nuclear antigens (EBNAs) of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were determined in a sample of Sicilian population. A significant correlation was observed between HLA-BB,DR3 phenotype and reduced titres of antibodies to EBNAs, whereas HLA-BB,DR3 positive individuals displayed levels of antibodies to VCA comparable to those of HLA-BB,DR3 negative ones. These results further strenghten the suggestion that HLA-BB,DR3 positive subjects are low responders and that the depth of immune response depends on on the fashion of antigenic challenge.
Regulation of Apoptosis by Inhibitors of Apoptosis (IAPs).
2013
Abstract Inhibitors of Apoptosis (IAPs) are a family of proteins with various biological functions including regulation of innate immunity and inflammation, cell proliferation, cell migration and apoptosis. They are characterized by the presence of at least one N-terminal baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domain involved in protein-protein interaction. Most of them also contain a C-terminal RING domain conferring an E3-ubiquitin ligase activity. In drosophila, IAPs are essential to ensure cell survival, preventing the uncontrolled activation of the apoptotic protease caspases. In mammals, IAPs can also regulate apoptosis through controlling caspase activity and caspase-activating platform format…
Mechanisms of cell death in canine parvovirus-infected cells provide intuitive insights to developing nanotools for medicine
2010
Jonna Nykky, Jenni E Tuusa, Sanna Kirjavainen, Matti Vuento, Leona GilbertNanoscience Center and Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FinlandAbstract: Viruses have great potential as nanotools in medicine for gene transfer, targeted gene delivery, and oncolytic cancer virotherapy. Here we have studied cell death mechanisms of canine parvovirus (CPV) to increase the knowledge on the CPV life cycle in order to facilitate the development of better parvovirus vectors. Morphological studies of CPV-infected Norden laboratory feline kidney (NLFK) cells and canine fibroma cells (A72) displayed characteristic apoptotic events. Apoptosis was f…
Global epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 and lessons for effective control of this and future pandemics
2021
Barely 1 year after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in China, the virus has infected approximately 120 million people, caused around 3 million deaths, and adversely affected the global economy Despite stringent measures to flatten the epidemiologic curve of the pandemic, there have been spikes and waves of the infection in many countries, particularly in the American, European, and Asian continents This review critically evaluated the global epidemiology of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to provide advice on other possible ways of managing the disease as various COVID-19 vaccines are being rolled out To effectively control this …
Comparison of oxidoreductive enzyme activities in three coal tar creosote-contaminated soils
2019
This study used laboratory experiments to compare the effects of coal tar creosote on the activity of oxidoreductive enzymes in sandy loam, loamy sand and sandy clay loam soils. Different amounts of coal tar creosote were added to soil samples as follows: 0 (control), 2, 10 or 50 g kg–1 dry matter. The activity of soil dehydrogenases (DHAs), o-diphenol oxidase (o-DPO), catalase (CAT), nitrate reductase (NR) and peroxidases (POX) was determined. Contamination of soil with coal tar creosote affected oxidoreductase activity. Oxidoreductive enzyme activity following soil contamination with coal tar creosote was in the following order: DHAs > CAT > NR > POX > o-DPO in…
Estudios sobre la inmunogenicidad y los mecanismos fisiopatológicos de la proteína NSP4 de rotavirus.
2005
Rotavirus es el principal agente causante de gastroenteritis viral en niños y animales jóvenes en todo el mundo. Una de las principales proteínas de rotavirus es la glicoproteína no estructural 4 (NSP4) que juega un papel crucial tanto en el ciclo replicativo de rotavirus, actuando como receptor de partículas inmaduras en el retículo endoplasmático, como en la fisiopatología de rotavirus, siendo la primera enterotoxina de origen vírico descrita hasta el momento. El objetivo de la presente tesis fue clonar y producir la glicoproteína NSP4 de diferentes cepas humanas y animales de rotavirus para así poder realizar estudios inmunogénicos tales como la caracterización de epitopos presentes en l…
Gastroenteritis aguda por rotavirus en población infantil ingresada en unidades de lactantes de Valencia.
2009
Esta tesis doctoral presenta los resultados obtenidos del estudio epidemiológico observacional descriptivo, de corte transversal, con componente de seguimiento prospectivo y multicéntrico sobre la gastroenteritis aguda (GEA) debida a rotavirus realizado en 3 hospitales de la provincia de Valencia representativos de los tres niveles de atención hospitalaria (H. La Fe, H. Dr. Peset, H. Lluís Alcanyís).Además de estudiar la prevalencia de la GEA por rotavirus y la incidencia de GEA nosocomial por rotavirus junto a sus características demográficas, clínicas, genotípicas y económicas también se realizó la determinación de otros virus productores de GEA como adenovirus, astrovirus y calicivirus.L…
Desarrollo y aplicación experimental de vectores virales basados en genomas de coronavirus para prevenir infecciones por rotavirus.
2009
Las infecciones por rotavirus son la causa más importante de gastroenteritis en niños menores de cinco años de edad. Se calcula que provocan unas 600.000 muertes anuales, principalmente en los países en vías de desarrollo. Una de las estrategias más prometedoras de desarrollo de nuevas vacunas consiste en el uso de virus recombinantes. Entre los sistemas virales de expresión de proteínas recombinantes más interesantes se encuentran los coronavirus. En este trabajo se aborda la producción de vectores virales basados en genomas del coronavirus TGEV (virus de la gastroenteritis porcina transmisible) para aplicarlos como vacunas experimentales de las infecciones por rotavirus. Para ello se han …
Development of functionalized SYBR green II related cyanine dyes for viral RNA detection
2020
Fluorescent probes for sensing nucleic acids have found widespread use in the field of cell and molecular biology. However, probes combined with potential for post-synthetic conjugation, e.g. for intra-endosomal measurements of RNA, are unavailable. Herein we developed cyanine dyes that can be conjugated to viral capsid or other targets. First, we solved the crystal structure of SYBR Green II. The structural elucidation of this commonly used RNA probe provided the basis for synthesizing similar molecules with much desired function for post-synthetic conjugation. To address this need, cyanine dyes were prepared using an alternative synthesis protocol. All studied compounds showed considerabl…
Experimental evolution of an RNA virus in cells with innate immunity defects
2015
Experimental evolution studies have shown that RNA viruses respond rapidly to directional selection and thus can adapt efficiently to changes in host cell tropism, antiviral drugs, or other imposed selective pressures. However, the evolution of RNA viruses under relaxed selection has been less extensively explored. Here, we evolved vesicular stomatitis virus in mouse embryonic fibroblasts knocked-out for PKR, a protein with a central role in antiviral innate immunity. Vesicular stomatitis virus adapted to PKR-negative mouse embryonic fibroblasts in a gene-specific manner, since the evolved viruses exhibited little or no fitness improvement in PKR-positive cells. Full-length sequencing revea…