Search results for "void"
showing 10 items of 435 documents
Hard to catch: Experimental evidence supports evasive mimicry
2021
Most research on aposematism has focused on chemically defended prey, but the signalling difficulty of capture remains poorly explored. Similar to classical Batesian and Müllerian mimicry related to distastefulness, such ‘evasive aposematism' may also lead to convergence in warning colours, known as evasive mimicry. A prime candidate group for evasive mimicry areAdelphabutterflies, which are agile insects and show remarkable colour pattern convergence. We tested the ability of naive blue tits to learn to avoid and generalizeAdelphawing patterns associated with the difficulty of capture and compared their response to that of birds that learned to associate the same wing patterns with distast…
Online expression and spending on personal cybersecurity
2019
The Internet is used increasingly as a platform both for free expression and e-commerce. Internet users have a variety of attitudes towards the security and privacy risks involved with using the Internet; and distinct concerns and behaviors with regard to expressing themselves online. Users may have controversial viewpoints that they may express online in various ways. Controversial viewpoints or artwork by their nature may not be as well received as positive or polite expressions. In the online environment, users with controversial viewpoints may be reluctant to express the viewpoints due to concern about possible consequences resulting from the expressions. Consequences may be imposed by …
Real-time smoothing of car-following data through sensor-fusion techniques
2011
Abstract Observation of vehicles kinematics is an important task for many applications in ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems). It is at the base of both theoretical analyses and application developments, especially in case of positioning and tracing/tracking of vehicles, car-following analyses and models, navigation and other ATIS (Advanced Traveller Information Systems), ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control) systems, CAS and CWS (Collision Avoidance Systems and Collision Warning Systems) and other ADAS (Advanced Driving Assistance Systems). Modern technologies supply low-cost devices able to collect time series of kinematic and positioning data with medium to very high frequency. Even more da…
Research data supporting "Social learning within and across predator species reduces attacks on novel aposematic prey"
2019
This data is from the experiment that investigated how wild-caught blue tits and great tits use conspecific and heterospecific information about unpalatable prey, published at the Journal of Animal Ecology (2020). The experiment was conducted at the Konnevesi Research Station from October to December 2017. Sheet 1 (“Main experiment”) contains data from the main avoidance learning experiment. Sheets 2 (“Symbol preference blue tits”) and 3 ("Symbol visibility blue tits") contain data of blue tits' symbol choices in initial preference and visibility tests.
Parasite avoidance behaviours in aquatic environments
2018
Parasites, including macroparasites, protists, fungi, bacteria and viruses, can impose a heavy burden upon host animals. However, hosts are not without defences. One aspect of host defence, behavioural avoidance, has been studied in the terrestrial realm for over 50 years, but was first reported from the aquatic environment approximately 20 years ago. Evidence has mounted on the importance of parasite avoidance behaviours and it is increasingly apparent that there are core similarities in the function and benefit of this defence mechanism between terrestrial and aquatic systems. However, there are also stark differences driven by the unique biotic and abiotic characteristics of terrestrial …
The role of temperament in children's affective and behavioral responses in achievement situations
2013
Abstract Although students' affects and behaviors in achievement situations have been shown to be influenced by their previous learning experiences, less is known about how they relate to students' dispositional characteristics, such as temperament. This study examined to what extent children's temperament is related to their affective and behavioral responses in achievement situations. Teachers rated first-graders' ( n = 153) temperamental characteristics in the Fall semester. Children's active task avoidance, anxiety, and helplessness were rated in test situations in the Fall and Spring semesters. The results showed that the more easily distracted the children were, the more task avoidan…
Family Firm Heterogeneity and Tax Aggressiveness: A Quasi-Experimental Analysis of the Impact of Different Family Generations
2021
This paper analyses tax aggressiveness in family firm generations. Moreover, taking into account the heterogeneity in family firms, we check whether the successive generations in control show different tax avoidance behaviour. The empirical evidence, based on the quasi-experiment of the 2012 Spanish thin capitalization rule, reveals that there is a positive relationship between tax aggressiveness and successive generations. Moreover, the founder and second generations follow a similar conservative tax avoidance approach, whereas the third and fourth generations are found to be more tax aggressive.
Efficiency of Corporate Income Tax Reliefs for the Investment Promotion in Latvia
2014
Corporate income tax rate in Latvia is one of the lowest in the European Union and is favourable for business. However, the government additionally uses numerous CIT reliefs to stimulate investments, to promote specific industries and investors. Total costs of these tax reliefs are high, but many of the goals declared by their introduction are not reached, suggesting that tax relief efficiency could be questioned. The efficiency of the existing and potential CIT reliefs should be regularly evaluated. The suggested criteria for such examination are – clear objective, type of taxable rent, existence of positive externality, appropriate design and potential for tax planning, costs in revenue f…
Survey of Research for Performance Measurement of Mobile Manipulators
2016
International audience; This survey provides the basis for developing research in the area of mobile manipulator performance measurement, an area that has relatively few research articles when compared to other mobile manipulator research areas. The survey provides a literature review of mobile manipulator research with examples of experimental applications. The survey also provides an extensive list of planning and control references as this has been the major research focus for mobile manipulators which factors into performance measurement of the system. The survey then reviews performance metrics considered for mobile robots, robot arms, and mobile manipulators and the systems that measu…
Self-reported reflective functioning mediates the association between attachment insecurity and well-being among psychotherapists.
2020
Objective: Subjective well-being is a crucial variable for mental health practitioners. This study examines the influence of therapists’ attachment dimensions and self-reported reflective functioning on their perceived well-being. Further, it examines if reflective functioning mediates the association between attachment insecurity and well-being. Method: A total of 416 experienced psychotherapists were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, and completed self-report measures of attachment insecurity, reflective functioning, and well-being. We tested the hypothesized mediation model with path analysis that examined indirect effects. Results: Both attachment anxiety and avoidance dimensions …